The European United Left / Left Greens of the North ( GUE / NGL ) is a left - wing political group in the European Parliament , whose representatives belong to various communist , left - wing socialist , Trotskyist , environmental, and zooprotective parties in Europe. For 2018, the size of the group in the European Parliament is 52 deputies. [one]
| European United Left / Left-Green North | |
|---|---|
European United Left / Nordic Green Left | |
 | |
| Leader | |
| Founding date | |
| Ideology | Democratic socialism , feminism , eco-socialism , Eurocommunism |
| Places in the European Parliament | 52/751 |
| Site | www.guengl.eu |
Group History
On October 16, 1973, the first communist group in the European Parliament was established - “Communists and Allies” [2] . This group included members of the Italian Communist Party and the French Communist Party . This group was then formed following the results of the European elections of 1979 and 1984.
On July 25, 1989, following the results of the last European elections, two communist groups were formed - “Left unity” and “European united left” [2] . The Left Unity group included deputies from the French Communist Party, the Communist Party of Greece , the Portuguese Communist Party and the Workers Party of Ireland . This group was hostile to Euro-communism and continued to be under the influence of Moscow.
The “European United Left” group included members of the Danish Socialist People’s Party , the Italian Communist Party, the Spanish United Left and the Greek party Sinaspismos . The parliamentary group fell apart after the deputies from the Democratic Party of the Left (the successors of the Italian Communist Party) joined the Socialist Group [3] .
According to the results of the 1994 elections to the European Parliament, the European United Left confederative group was formed [2] . It includes members of the United Left (Spain), Sinaspizmos, the French Communist Party, the Portuguese Communist Party, the Communist Party of Greece and the Italian Party of the Communist Revival . The enlargement of the European Union on January 1, 1995 and the inclusion of Austria, Finland and Sweden, led to the formation in the European Parliament of the informal group “Left-Greens of the North”, which included representatives of the Socialist People's Party (Denmark), Left Alliance (Finland) and parties (Sweden). On January 6, 1995, the deputies of this informal group united with the “European United Left”, as a result of which a confederative group “European United Left / Left-Green of the North” appeared [2] .
Subsequently, the parliamentary group included deputies from the Party of Democratic Socialism , and then from the Left Party (Germany), the Revolutionary Communist League and the Workers' Struggle organization (France), the Socialist Party (Netherlands), the Left Bloc (Portugal), the People’s Movement against the EU (Denmark), the Socialist Party (Ireland) and others [4] .
On May 8, 2004, a number of left-wing parties, including those belonging to the group in the European Parliament, formed the Party of the European Left [5] . January 31 - February 1, 2005, the Northern Alliance of Greens and Left from 5 parties was formed in Reykjavik , two of which are represented in the European Parliament and belong to the “left” group (a deputy from the Socialist People’s Party is in the Green-European Free Alliance fraction ). The most radical part of the European Left, also represented in the European Parliament, established the European Anti-Capitalist Left Association in 2000 [6] .
Group structure and composition
General election results for 1979–2009
| Election year | Name of parliamentary group | The number of deputies of the group (percent) | Total number of deputies European Parliament |
| 1979 | "Communists and allies" | 44 (10.7%) | 410 |
| 1984 | "Communists and allies" | 41 (9.4%) | 434 |
| 1989 | "Left unity" | 28 (5.4%) | 518 |
| 1989 | “European United Left” | 14 (2.7%) | 518 |
| 1994 | “European United Left”, then “European United Left / Left Greens of the North” | 28 (4.9%) | 567 |
| 1999 | “European United Left / Left Greens of the North” | 42 (6.7%) | 626 |
| 2004 | “European United Left / Left Greens of the North” | 41 (5.6%) | 732 |
| 2009 | “European United Left / Left Greens of the North” | 35 (4.7%) | 736 |
| 2014 | “European United Left / Left Greens of the North” | 52 (6.9%) | 751 |
Composition of the group for the 2009 elections
| one | Charalampos Angurakis | Greece - Communist Party of Greece | nineteen | Vladimir Remek | Bohemia - Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia | |
| 2 | Lothar Biskey | Germany - " Left " | 20 | Alfreds Rubiks | Latvia - Socialist Party of Latvia ( Harmony Center ) | |
| 3 | Barbara de brune | United Kingdom - Sinn Fein | 21 | Eva-Britt Svensson | Sweden - Left Party | |
| four | Marie-Christine Vergia | France - Left Front (Independent MP) | 22 | Soren Sonnergor | Denmark - Popular Movement against the EU ( Red-Green Coalition ) | |
| five | Sabina Wils | Germany - " Left " | 23 | Rui Tavares | Portugal - Left Block | |
| 6 | Cornelis de Jong | Netherlands - Socialist Party | 24 | Kyriakos Triantafillidis | Cyprus - Progressive Party of the Working People of Cyprus | |
| 7 | Jurgen Klute | Germany - " Left " | 25 | Georgios Tussas | Greece - Communist Party of Greece | |
| eight | Jaromir Kolichek | Bohemia - Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia | 26 | Joao Ferreira | Portugal - Coalition of Democratic Unity ( Portuguese Communist Party ) | |
| 9 | Patrick le Yarik | France - Left Front ( French Communist Party ) | 27 | Ilda Figueiredo | Portugal - Coalition of Democratic Unity ( Portuguese Communist Party ) | |
| ten | Sabina Lösing | Germany - " Left " | 28 | Takis Hajigeorgiu | Cyprus - Progressive Party of the Working People of Cyprus | |
| eleven | Kartika Tamara Liotar | Netherlands - Socialist Party | 29 | Thomas Handel | Germany - " Left " | |
| 12 | Marisa Matiash | Portugal - Left Block | thirty | Joe Higgins (after the election of Higgins to Doyle Eyrenn in 2011, replaced by Paul Murphy ) | Ireland - Socialist Party | |
| 13 | Jiri Mashtalka | Bohemia - Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia | 31 | Nikolaos Hunteis | Greece - “ Sinaspizmos ” ( Coalition of the radical left ) | |
| 14 | Willy Meyer | Spain - The United Left ( Spanish Communist Party ) | 32 | Gabriela Zimmer | Germany - " Left " | |
| 15 | Jean-Luc Melenchon | France - Left Front ( Left Party ) | 33 | Helmut Scholz | Germany - " Left " | |
| sixteen | Elie earo | France - Left Front ( Communist Party of Reunion ) | 34 | Jacqui Enie | France - Left Front ( French Communist Party ) | |
| 17 | Miguel Portash | Portugal - Left Block | 35 | Cornelia Ernst | Germany - " Left " | |
| 18 | Miloslav Ransdorf | Bohemia - Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia | 36 | Nicola Vuljanic | Croatia - “ Croatian Labor Party - Labor Party ” (based on the results of elections after Croatia joined the EU ) |
Chairs of the parliamentary group
Group "Communists and allies"
- 1979-1980 - Giorgio Amendola ( IKP )
- 1980–1984 - Guido Fanti (IKP)
- 1984-1989 - Giovanni Cervetti (IKP)
Group "Left unity"
- 1989–1991 - Rene-Emil Piqué ( PCF )
- 1991–1992 - Alexandros Alavanos ( KPG )
- 1992-1993 - Rene-Emil Piqué (PCF)
European United Left Group
- 1989–1993 - Luigi Alberto Colajanni (IKP, DPLS )
Confederate European United Left Group
- 1994–1995 - Alonso Puerta (“ United Left ”)
Confederate Group "European United Left / Left-Green North"
- 1995–1999 - Alonso Puerta (“United Left”)
- 1999–2004 - Francis Wurz (PCF)
- 2004–2012 - Lothar Bischi (“The Left ”)
- since 2012 - Gabriele Zimmer (“ Left ”)
Notes
- ↑ Search
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Confederate group “European United Left / Left Greens of the North” (group history) (Fr.)
- ↑ European Union: Power and Policy-Making. Second edition, ISBN 0-415-22164-1 . Published 2001 by Routledge, edited by Jeremy John Richardson. - Chapter 6 “Parliaments and policy-making in the European Union”, esp. page 125, Table 6.2 Party Groups in the European Parliament, 1979-2000
- Left radicals in the European Parliament (comparative table, 1979–2009) (Fr.)
- ↑ Some comments on the creation of the Party of the European Left Archived on October 2, 2009. (eng.)
- ↑ European Anti-Capitalist Left Conference (press statement; Paris, December 5, 2000) (Eng.)
See also
- MEP fractions
- European left
- European anti-capitalist left
- Northern Alliance Green and Left
- European Green Party