Goygol ( azerb. Göygöl - blue lake ) is a lake in the western part of Azerbaijan , located on the territory of the Goygol region , on the northern slope of the Murovdag ridge, at the foot of the Kapaz mountain, in the gorge of the Ahsu River. It is one of the largest lakes in Azerbaijan [1] . Belongs to the Shamkirchay river basin . The area of the lake is 0.78 km²; the length from south to north is 2800 m, the greatest width is 800 m. The average depth is 30 m and the maximum is 96 m. Height above sea level is 1553.3 m [2] .
| Lake | |
| Goygol | |
|---|---|
| azerb. Göygöl | |
 | |
| Morphometry | |
| Absolute height | 1553.3 m |
| Dimensions | 2.8 × 0.8 km |
| Square | 0.78 km² |
| Deepest | 96 m |
| Average depth | 30 m |
| Pool | |
| Flowing river | Upper ahsu |
| Location | |
| A country |
|
| Area | Goygol district |
The resort is located on the northern shore of Lake Goygol. Only one river flows into the lake - Upper Akhsu .
Content
Etymology
The word "Goygol" in translation from the Azerbaijani language means "blue lake" [3] .
Physico-geographical characteristics
Goygol Lake is located on the northern slope of the Shahdag ridge, in the immediate vicinity of its dividing ridge and at the junction with the Murovdag ridge, 3.6 km west of Mount Ginaldag (3373 m). It lies at an altitude of 1553.3 m above sea level and is stretched by a narrow strip from the northwest to the southeast and has a length of 2.8 km with a width of about 800 m. Its mirror area is about 0.78 km². The lake is freshwater and sewage [4] . Runoff from it is carried out from the northwestern part, through an untitled tributary that flows into the Shamkirchay river 85 km from the mouth (the Shamkirchay river flows into the Kuru river 812 km from the mouth and has a length of 95 km) [4] . The greatest depth of the lake is 96 m.
Formation History
The lake was formed as a result of a devastating earthquake that occurred near Ganja on September 30, 1139 [5] [6] , as a result of which the top of Mount Kapaz collapsed in the gorge of the Ahsu River. The resulting dam is Lake Goygol [3] .
According to the research of many authors, the lake has a glacial origin. This opinion is confirmed by K. N. Paffengolts and L. N. Leontyev, who discovered traces of ancient glaciation in the form of small circuses and cars in the upper reaches of the Shamkirchay River [4] .
Water Temperature
Hydrometeorological observations on the lake began to be made only in January 1956. The annual course of the level fluctuation has the form of a main wave, the rise of which begins in April and reaches its highest height in June – July, when the most intense snowmelt coincides with the maximum precipitation. Observations of the surface temperature of water show that its highest average daily value reached 19.7 ° (August 1, 1957). The maximum monthly average water temperature is observed in August and is 16.9 ° (August 1957) [4] .
Mineralization
A sharp increase in almost all ions is observed in November, and a decrease in April. The lake water is slightly mineralized (the sum of the ionic composition varies from 81.1 to 341 mg / l) and belongs to the calcium-bicarbonate group with good drinking and irrigation qualities [4] .
Lake Nutrition
One of the main sources of nutrition for the lake is precipitation, the amount of which is on average 650 mm, which corresponds to 455,000 m³ of water per year. The consumable part consists of evaporation and runoff from lakes. The first, according to the map of S. G. Rustamov, is 300 mm or 210,000 m³. Subtracting the value of evaporation from the volume of precipitation, we obtain a runoff that is equal to 245 009 m³ of water per year or 0.08 m³ / s. It should be noted that the incoming part of the balance is underestimated due to the influx of a significant number of small rivers and springs into the lake, and the expense part due to the underground outflow from the lake to the basin of Lake Sevan , which is located almost 550 m below the first [4] .
Flora and Fauna
On the territory of the lake, 423 species of trees and shrubs , as well as medicinal plants, are known. Of these, 76 species are trees and shrubs, the rest form grass cover . Deer , roe deer , bear , wild boar , mountain goat , wolf , fox , jackal , badger , porcupine , wildcat , lynx are found on the shores of the lake. Trout is also found in the lake [6] .
Economic value
Towards the end of the 1950s, the lake served as an additional source feeding the Shamkirchay River during the period of intensive irrigation of agricultural crops [4] .
Travel Resources
The lake is located in the Goygol reserve , created in 1965 with the aim of preserving the integrity of nature and wildlife.
In Culture
Azerbaijani artist Sattar Bahlulzade devoted two paintings to the lake: the first he painted in 1964 (paper, watercolor, 100 × 80), the second - in 1979 (oil on canvas, 79 × 59) [7] . Azerbaijani poet Suleiman Rustam dedicated the poem “You are more beautiful than all lakes ...” [8] to Lake Goygol
( Suleiman Rustam )
You are more beautiful than all the lakes, I’ll say in person
You don’t know your beauty, Goygol.
Highlands - Engagement Ring
There is a gem in it - you, Goygol,
Once upon a time there was a thunderstorm
And the springs here cried their eyes
You are like a crane tear
What was dropped from above, Goygol.
Your pillars are mountain ranges
And you are connected with the mountain keys
And you are fraternally merged with the Caspian.
You have similar traits, Goygol.
What did you think about again in the morning?
History is not a book, not a notebook,
Starting to wash and wipe the cliffs,
Smooth the layers like sheets, Goygol.
You must know about my bounty
I did not become stingy over the years.
I give everything so that in your memory
There are also my dreams, Goygol.
Don’t think that I am getting old,
With the warmth of my homeland, I warm my heart.
Admiring you, I fly in my thoughts,
The crown of Ganja is primordial - you, Goygel
See also
- Goygol National Park
- Geography of Azerbaijan
Notes
- ↑ Sh. F. Mehdiyev, V. G. Zavriev. Azerbaijan is a treasury of oil. - Aznefteizdat, 1954. - S. 28. - 130 p.
- ↑ Map sheet K-38-129 Hanlar . Scale: 1: 100,000. 1978 edition
- ↑ 1 2 Goygol // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 X. D. Zamanov, I. A. Kotlyarsky. About Lake Geigel in the river basin Shamhorchay // Reports: journal. - Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR, 1959. - V. 15 , No. 1 .
- ↑ Ganja on the website of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of Azerbaijan
- ↑ 1 2 Official site of the administration of the Kapaz region (Azerb.) (Unavailable link) . Archived on September 8, 2012.
- ↑ Sattar Bahlulzade. Bibliography / Edited by G. Safaraliev. - Printing house of the Azerbaijan National Library, 2009. - S. 104, 117. (azerb.)
- ↑ Suleiman Rustam . You are more beautiful than all lakes ... (translation from Azerbaijan by Vladimir Kafarov). - Zvezda magazine, No. 1. - The State Publishing House of Fiction, 1976. - S. 191.
Links
- Goygol // Big Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
Literature
- X. D. Zamanov, I.A. Kotlyarsky. About Lake Geigel in the river basin Shamhorchay // Reports: journal. - Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR, 1959. - V. 15 , No. 1 .