White is a city in Russia , the administrative center of the Belsky district of the Tver region .
| City | |||
| White | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 | |||
| |||
| A country |  Russia | ||
| Subject of the federation | Tver region | ||
| Municipal District | Belsky | ||
| Urban settlement | White city | ||
| History and Geography | |||
| Based | in 1350 | ||
| Center height | 185 m | ||
| Timezone | UTC + 3 | ||
| Population | |||
| Population | ↘ 3197 [1] people ( 2018 ) | ||
| Nationalities | Belarusians | ||
| Katoykonim | squirrels, squirrels, squirrels | ||
| Digital identifiers | |||
| Telephone code | +7 48250 | ||
| Postcode | 172530 | ||
| OKATO Code | 28206501 | ||
| OKTMO Code | |||
The population is 3,197 [1] people. (2018).
Content
Geography
The city is located on the Obsha River (the Western Dvina basin ), 294 km from Tver , 20 from the border with the Smolensk region .
History
Belaya Fortress has been known since the 13th century as a fortified city of the Principality of Smolensk , later as the center of a specific principality .
In 1355, Belaya was occupied by Lithuania ; one hundred and fifty years later, she moved to Russia . But the period of Moscow jurisdiction did not last long.
A hundred years later, in 1610 , after a 4-month siege, it was captured by Polish-Lithuanian troops . White becomes a bargaining chip in the auction between the Russian and Polish-Lithuanian rulers.
In 1613, the fortress surrendered due to the futility of further resistance, that is, it was surrendered without a fight by its garrison to the Russian troops of Prince Dmitry Pozharsky . The garrison consisted mainly of Scottish and Irish mercenaries in the Polish service.
In 1618, the city, by agreement , was again ceded to the Commonwealth . On May 2, 1625, the city received from the Polish king Sigismund III privileges to Magdeburg Law . [2] Bely also became the center of one of the parishes of the Catholic bishopric of Smolensk ; [3] due to the small number of such parishes, the division of the diocese into deans was not carried out.
At the beginning of the Smolensk war of 1632 - 1634 . Belaya was occupied by Russian troops. In 1634, at the last stage of the war, the city experienced a two-month siege of the troops of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, led by King Vladislav IV himself . As a result of a successful outing from the fortress, the king was wounded. The heroic defense of the city by the small garrison of Russian troops (a little more than 1000 people) favorably affected the negotiation of peace. According to the Polyanovsky world June 4, 1634 the city was returned to the Commonwealth. Soon after, Vladislav IV reaffirmed Bely’s city privileges. In 1654, the city of Belaya again became part of the Russian state .
From 1708 to 1929 the city was the center of the Belsky district of Smolensk province.
During the Great Patriotic War, the city was occupied by the troops of the Third Reich . January 29, 1942 the city of Bely was liberated by the 119th Infantry Division of the Red Army .
Population
| Population | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1856 [4] | 1897 | 1913 [4] | 1931 [4] | 1959 [5] | 1970 [6] | 1979 [7] | 1989 [8] | 1992 [4] |
| 6200 | ↗ 7000 | ↗ 13 600 | ↘ 5800 | ↘ 4126 | ↗ 4846 | ↗ 4945 | ↗ 5228 | ↗ 5300 |
| 1996 [4] | 1998 [4] | 2001 [4] | 2002 [9] | 2003 [4] | 2005 [4] | 2006 [4] | 2007 | 2008 [10] |
| → 5300 | ↘ 5200 | ↘ 4900 | ↘ 4350 | ↗ 4400 | ↘ 4100 | ↘ 4000 | ↘ 3900 | ↘ 3800 |
| 2009 [11] | 2010 [12] | 2011 [4] | 2012 [13] | 2013 [14] | 2014 [15] | 2015 [16] | 2016 [17] | 2017 [18] |
| ↘ 3691 | ↗ 3772 | ↗ 3800 | ↘ 3655 | ↘ 3558 | ↘ 3432 | ↘ 3393 | ↘ 3311 | ↘ 3268 |
| 2018 [1] | ||||||||
| ↘ 3197 | ||||||||
As of January 1, 2019, in terms of population, the city was on the 1099th place out of 1115 [19] cities of the Russian Federation [20] .
Economics
Industrial enterprises of the city: timber industry, private sawmills.
Famous Natives
- V.V. Masorin - admiral, ex-commander of the Navy ;.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2018 . Date of treatment July 25, 2018. Archived July 26, 2018.
- ↑ Previously published by N. A. Shestakov on a late imperfect Russian translation ( Shestakov N. A. Century-old lawsuit of Belorussian citizens. (Essay on the history of the city of White Smolensk province). Smolensk, 1886. P. 5-12). The original Polish text of the list document from the Lithuanian metric was first published in an article: Rogatschewski A. Zur Rezeptionsgeschichte des Magdeburger Rechts in Rußland: Die Stadt Belyj (17.-18. Jh.) // Von Sachsen-Anhalt in die Welt. Der Sachsenspiegel als europäische Rechtsquelle. Internationale Konferenz aus Anlass des 800. Jubiläums von Anhalt vom 1.-3. Oktober 2012 in Köthen / Anhalt / Hrsg. von H. Lück unter Mitarb. von M. Olejnicki und A.-M. Heil (= SIGNA IVRIS. Beiträge zur Rechtsikonographie, Rechtsarchäologie und Rechtlichen Volkskunde. Bd. 14). Halle an der Saale, 2015. S. 198-202.
- ↑ Relationes status dioecesium in Magno Ducatu Lituaniae / Red. P. Rabikauskas (Fontes Historiae Lituaniae, II). Vol. II. Romae, 1978. P. 298-333.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 People's Encyclopedia “My City”. Bely (city) . Date of treatment June 25, 2014. Archived June 25, 2014.
- ↑ 1959 All-Union Census. The number of urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender . Demoscope Weekly. Date of treatment September 25, 2013. Archived on April 28, 2013.
- ↑ 1970 All-Union Population Census. The number of urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender. . Demoscope Weekly. Date of treatment September 25, 2013. Archived on April 28, 2013.
- ↑ 1979 All-Union Population Census. The number of urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender. . Demoscope Weekly. Date of treatment September 25, 2013. Archived on April 28, 2013.
- ↑ 1989 All-Union Population Census. The urban population . Archived on August 22, 2011.
- ↑ 2002 All-Russian Population Census. Tom. 1, table 4. The population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, regions, urban settlements, rural settlements - district centers and rural settlements with a population of 3 thousand or more . Archived February 3, 2012.
- ↑ Cities of the Tver region. Estimation of the population as of January 1, 2008 (thousand people) . Date of treatment May 21, 2016. Archived May 21, 2016.
- ↑ The number of permanent population of the Russian Federation by cities, urban-type settlements and districts as of January 1, 2009 . Date of treatment January 2, 2014. Archived January 2, 2014.
- ↑ 2010 All-Russian Population Census. Settlements of the Tver region
- ↑ Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities. Table 35. Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2012 . Date of treatment May 31, 2014. Archived May 31, 2014.
- ↑ The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2013. - M.: Federal State Statistics Service of Rosstat, 2013. - 528 p. (Table 33. The population of urban districts, municipalities, urban and rural settlements, urban settlements, rural settlements) . Date of treatment November 16, 2013. Archived November 16, 2013.
- ↑ Table 33. The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2014 . Date of treatment August 2, 2014. Archived on August 2, 2014.
- ↑ The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2015 . Date of treatment August 6, 2015. Archived on August 6, 2015.
- ↑ Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2016
- ↑ The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2017 (July 31, 2017). Date of treatment July 31, 2017. Archived July 31, 2017.
- ↑ taking into account the cities of Crimea
- ↑ The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2019. Table "21. The population of cities and towns by federal districts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2019 ” (RAR archive (1,0 Mb)). Federal State Statistics Service .
Literature
- Bely, the city of Smolensk province // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Shestakov N.A. Century-old litigation of Belorussian citizens. (An essay from the history of the city of White Smolensk province ). Smolensk, 1886.
- Polyakov I. Ya., Kalenichenko A.S. Bely // Cities and regions of the Kalinin region . (Brief essays) / Comp. M.A. Ilyin. M., 1978. S. 113-132.
- Feynsod M. Smolensk under the rule of the Soviets / Transl. from English Smolensk, 1995.
- Manning R.T. Belsky District , 1937 / Transl. from English Smolensk, 1998.
- Smirnov G.K. Bely // Code of architecture and monumental art of Russia. Tver region. At 6 h. Part 2 / Ans. ed. G.K. Smirnov. M., 2006.
- Chistyakova T. A. I will not tire of chronicle flipping ... A collection of articles about the history of the Belsky Territory. Staritsa, 2007.
- Krom M. M. Between Russia and Lithuania. West Russian lands in the system of Russian-Lithuanian relations at the end of the XV-first third of the XVI century. Ed. 2nd, add. M., 2010.
- Rogatschewski A. Zur Rezeptionsgeschichte des Magdeburger Rechts in Rußland: Die Stadt Belyj (17.-18. Jh.) // Von Sachsen-Anhalt in die Welt. Der Sachsenspiegel als europäische Rechtsquelle. Internationale Konferenz aus Anlass des 800. Jubiläums von Anhalt vom 1.-3. Oktober 2012 in Köthen / Anhalt / Hrsg. von H. Lück unter Mitarb. von M. Olejnicki und A.-M. Heil (= SIGNA IVRIS. Beiträge zur Rechtsikonographie, Rechtsarchäologie und Rechtlichen Volkskunde. Bd. 14). Halle an der Saale, 2015. S. 123—209. ISBN 978-3-941226-36-4 (the article includes the publication of archival documents on the history of the city under the Polish rule in 1623-1625).
- Rogachevsky A. L. City law as an instrument of colonization (on the example of the Smolensk Voivodeship of the Commonwealth in the 17th century) // Scientific notes of the Law Faculty of St. Petersburg State University of Economics . Vol. 44–45 (54–55). SPb., 2017. S. 141–143 (the article published the universal of Sigismund III of April 5, 1623 with an appeal to the residents of the Commonwealth to move to Bely, in Polish with a Russian translation).
Links
- The history of the coat of arms of Bely
- White in the encyclopedia "My city"
- The official list of objects of historical and cultural heritage of the Tver region (inaccessible link) (Bely Monuments on pages 43-46).