" Javelin " ( Eng. Javelin , ['ʤʌvlɪn] [2] - "spear", the original name of Blowpipe 2 , as the second model of the eponymous complex ) is a British man-portable air defense system designed to destroy helicopters , enemy aircraft and other air means attacks flying at low and extremely low altitudes. It can be used to destroy ground targets at ranges of up to 3 kilometers.
| Javelin | |
|---|---|
 Corporal Simon Orchard near PULML Javelin) | |
| Type of | MANPADS |
| Status | in service |
| Developer |  Shorts Missile Systems |
| Years of development | 1979-1983 |
| Adoption | 1985 |
| Manufacturer | Shorts Missile Systems →  Thales Air Defense →  Bombardier Inc. [one] |
| Years of production | 1984-1993 |
| Units produced | 10226 ... 16000 missiles |
| Years of operation | 1984 - n. at. |
| Main operators | Great Britain Canada The Republic of Korea |
| Other operators |      (total not less than 15 states and 20 types of armed forces abroad) [1] |
| Base model | Blown pipe |
| Key Specifications | |
Effective range: * jet aircraft: 0.3-4.5 km * helicopters: up to 5.5 km Effective target height: 0.01-3 km | |
| ↓ All specifications | |
Content
Design
It was developed on the basis of Blownpipe MANPADS, however, to direct the missile at the target, unlike its predecessor, it uses a control system with a semi-automatic radio command guidance system along the line of sight ( SACLOS ). The new sighting device significantly simplified the work of the gunner (due to a more advanced guidance system, which embodied the achievements of its time in the field of microprocessor technology for processing video information). Sights (universal sight) of the Javelin and Blowpipe systems are interchangeable. In addition, the Blown pipe trigger can be used to fire Javelin missiles. Significantly reduced in comparison with the “Blipepipe” system is the time spent on preparing MANPADS operators . According to various sources, from 10,226 missiles, including prototypes, to more than 16,000 were made [3] . The average ratio of the number of launchers to missiles is from 5 to 10 missiles per launcher (i.e., from one to three thousand MANPADS were produced). [one]
It is also equipped with a more powerful warhead and marching engine , providing increased range.
Instead of a high-explosive warhead (as in the Blipipe complex), a high-explosive fragmentation warhead is used in the Javelin complex [4] .
Development
The Javelin short-range air defense system was developed since 1979, as an improved version of the Blown pipe MANPADS, developed on its basis, the development was carried out by a number of companies under a contract with the British Ministry of Defense , the general contract went to the Northern Irish company Shorts Missile Systems . Data on it was first published in September 1983, when preliminary firing tests were already completed. General management of the program of work was carried out by specialists from the . [one]
Production
Production of the first batch of "Javelina" was completed in 1984. In June 1984, Shorts (hereinafter - as part of international corporations - the French-British Tails and the Canadian-British Bombardier ) announced the receipt of a second contract from the UK Ministry of Defense for the production of Javelin systems in the amount of £ 35 million , which increased the amount of "home" and export MANPADS orders to 120 million pounds . In the middle of the same year, the described complex was selected by the Navy to provide air defense for ships against air attacks, such as kamikaze , in particular, operating in the Middle East . And in January 1985, Shorts received a third contract for the manufacture of MANPADS for £ 25 million, as a result of which the amount of contracts for the supply of Javelins reached £ 160 million.
In 1986, during the exhibition of equipment of the British Army, the manufacturer demonstrated the systems “Bloipipe”, “Javelin” and “ Starstrik ”. By mid-1993, the Javelin was replaced by the Starburst MANPADS as the main and reserve complex. The remaining Javelins were reserved for the training of personnel of the units. The production of Javelin rockets was completed. [3]
Involved Structures
The following contractors were involved in the production of Javelin missile systems and related equipment: [1] [5]
- The missile system as a whole is Shorts Missile Systems (first on its own, then as a branch of Thales Air Defense and Bombardier Inc. ), Precision Engineering Division, Castlery , Belfast , Down County, Northern Ireland ;
- Rocket engine - IMI Summerfield Research Station (development), IMI Kidderminster Works (production), Kidderminster , Worcestershire , West Midland ;
- Guidance Optoelectronic Devices - (first on its own, then as a subsidiary of GEC Avionics and BAE Systems Avionics ), Basildon , Essex , East of England ;
- Radar Recognition System (IFF) - , Harlow , Essex , East of England;
- Engine ignition system, warhead, safety mechanism / fuse translator, cocking self-destruction device K2A1 - Royal Ordnance Ltd , , Blackburn , Lancashire , North West England ; Imperial Metal Industries , Vuitton , Birmingham , West Midlands , West Midlands ;
- Fiberglass Launch Pipe - Ward Engineering Services, Parkston , Poole , Dorset County, South West England ;
- Ground power supply - Mine Safety Appliances Co Ltd , Cotbridge , North Lanarkshire , Scotland ;
- Electric starting circuit - Pye Dynamics Ltd, Brownstone , Leicestershire , East Midlands ;
- Fuse - , London ;
- Non-contact target sensor, airborne warning device in the observed airspace sector - , Hayes , Middlesex , Greater London ;
- Missile tail squib - Wallop Industries Ltd, Middle Wallop , Hampshire , Southeast England .
Modifications
Javelin S15
S15 or “Advanced Javelin” with a combined noise - immune control system with laser beam guidance, the development of which was started by the manufacturer in 1986. The StarStrik project was used to create the S15. S15 entered service with the Royal Marines and some other highly mobile components of the armed forces.
Lightweight Multiple Launcher (LML)
LML ( Lightweight Multiple Launcher , literally Lite Multi-Barreled Launcher ) is designed to provide the Javelin MANPADS with the ability to fire multiple targets. The LML system uses three standard Javelin missile launcher tubes and a standard shoulder-mounted sighting unit as equipment to be connected.
In a free state, the support tube is supported in a vertical position by tripod bearings rotating in an eccentric support sleeve. Screw jacks are located between the top of the sleeve and the tripod supports and are used to control the installation height of the PU. When deployed in a trench, the support sleeve may be partially lowered along the support pipe and then secured to an appropriate height. At the same time, one of the tripod supports hangs vertically, and other supports are used to provide lateral support of the launcher.
For the deployment of LML, a tripod machine is installed by expanding the supports and shifting the support sleeve to the bottom of the support pipe, with subsequent fixing in this position. After that, the LML head is mounted on a hinge in the upper part of the tripod machine, the sight rod is moved from the stowed position to the working position. After installing the sighting device, on the heel of the sighting bar and loading the three missiles into position, LML is ready for action.
Lightweight Multiple Launcher (Vehicle) (LML (V))
The LML (V) launcher was designed for installation on armored and unarmored vehicles, and other land mobility aids, to protect airfields and other important structures and supply routes from low-altitude air attacks [6] and is intended for installation on many types of armored personnel carriers , in In particular, it was installed on the Shorland air defense armored car (modifications of the patrol armored car of the same model, on the Defender-110 all-wheel drive chassis). It can also be installed on unarmored vehicles such as the U.S. Armed Forces HMMWV .
The launcher shoulder strap is located above the opening of the standard hatch and is equipped with its own integrated hatch cover and a periscope monitoring device for monitoring the air situation with the hatch closed. On the pursuit there is a pin for attaching the automotive version of the horizontal hinge. The rotation of the PU in relation to the shoulder strap can be ± 40º. Six Javelin or Blowpipe MANPADS in launch tubes are stored in racks on both sides of the rear of the S53 armored vehicle, while the sighting unit is located between missile storage racks during transportation.
The LML (V) shoulder strap is equipped with a handle and a friction brake, which allows the gunner to rotate the launcher, aiming it in the direction of the target, and then accompany the target in flight.
Short-range shipborne anti-aircraft missile system LML (N) for separation of the air defense of the ship. Designed for use in the second echelon, in combination with more long-range airborne defense systems, after airborne targets of the first echelon of defense, as well as for the destruction of enemy air attacks that suddenly appear on the horizon (when operating near the coastline, or in ports, at crossings, rivers, etc.), where long-range air defense systems are ineffective due to terrain conditions that provide the enemy with an opportunity to covert approach to the ship.
Performance Specifications
According to the British directory " Jaynes ": [7]
- Rocket Length: 139 cm
- Rocket Diameter: 76 mm
- Wingspan: 275 mm
- Weight:
- sighting unit: 8.9 kg
- missiles in launch tubes: 15.4 kg
- missiles: 12.7 kg
- warhead: 2.74 kg
- explosive : 0.6 kg
- missiles in a container for field conditions: 19 kg
- missiles in a transport container: 43 kg
- PU LML: 32 kg
- 3-missile PU LML: 77 kg
- Propulsion: 2-stage solid propellant rocket engine
- Maximum speed of the rocket: 435 m / s
- Effective range:
- against jet aircraft: 300-4500 m
- against helicopters: 300–5500 m
- Effective height of targets: 10-3000 m
- Control system: radio command, semi-automatic line of sight
- Monocular Sight:
- field of view: 160 thousandths (~ 10 °)
- increase at: 6x
- TV camera:
- wide field of view: 230 × 180 thousandths (~ 14 × 11 °)
- narrow field of view: 36 × 36 thousandths (~ 2 × 2 °)
- Warhead: fragmentation
- Fuse: contact and remote
- Power Supply:
- launch tube: heat battery 27.5—35.5 V DC
- reticle: replaceable batteries 3 × 12 V
Operators
- Botswana - the first delivery took place in 1986 [3] , 5 MANPADS were in service with the Botswana Ground Forces as of 2010 [8]
- United Kingdom - by mid-1993, replaced by Starburst MANPADS as the main [3] , Javelin reserved for training personnel [9]
- Canada - The first delivery took place in 1990 [3]
- Qatar - 500 MANPADS for 2014 [10]
- UAE - in service with the air defense of the UAE Air Force as of 2010 [11]
- Oman - the first delivery took place in 1984 [3] , as of 2010 in the Ground Forces of Oman and the Sultan’s Guard - 34 MANPADS [12]
- Peru - 8 launchers and 27 missiles delivered in October 1995 [3] , more than 100 MANPADS in the Peruvian Air Force as of 2010 [13]
- Chile - 12 MANPADS as of 2010 [14]
- Republic of Korea - the first delivery took place in 1986 [3] , 350 MANPADS were in service with the Ground Forces as of 2010 [15]
Combat use
According to some reports, the Javelin MANPADS were used by Mujahideen against OKSVA military aircraft and Soviet civilian aircraft , which entered the airspace over Afghanistan during the Afghan war .
Project Evaluation
According to representatives of Thales Air Defense, the use of a radio command guidance system in Javelin MANPADS gives this system a number of advantages over similar, more common MANPADS systems. The main ones are: insensitivity to interference caused by infrared countermeasures [3] , the ability to confidently fire at targets in oncoming courses, and the ability to combat targets that have different types of engines.
Cons of the radio command optical guidance system: the exposure of the radio control channel to the interference of electronic countermeasures and the dependence of the accuracy of guidance on the presence of interference in the optical range (smoke, fog, precipitation, etc.).
According to the manufacturers, the effectiveness of the Javelin short-range anti-aircraft defense system shown during the British army’s camp training camp was such that at least one of the training camps had to be postponed due to the lack of targets destroyed by previous training units. One of the gunners of the 10th Air Defense Battery (Assaye) had a 100% hit rate in 1985 when 8 Skeet targets out of 8 were hit. [3]
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Blowpipe / Javelin. (Eng.) // Forecast International . April 1999. - P.1-2.
- ↑ The British pronunciation of the word "Javelin" is different from the American, although the sound "e" is also not pronounced. An American anti-tank missile system with the same name is pronounced "Javlin."
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 James C. O'Halloran, Christopher F. Foss. Jane's Land-Based Air Defense 2003-2004. - Jane's Information Group, 2003. - ISBN 9780710625519 .
- ↑ Foreign Military Review. - 1984. - No. 8
- ↑ Jane's Weapon Systems 1988-89. (English) / Edited by Bernard Blake. - 19th ed. - Coulsdon, Surrey: Jane's Information Group , 1988 .-- P.215 - 1008 p. - ISBN 0-7106-0855-1 .
- ↑ Shorland S53 . Website "Army Guide". Date of treatment September 8, 2010. Archived March 15, 2012.
- ↑ Jane's Land-Based Air Defense 2003-2004. - Jane's Information Group, 2003. - ISBN 9780710625519 .
- ↑ The Military Balance 2010. - P. 296.
- ↑ Anti-aircraft missile systems / Comp. N. Ya. Vasilin, A.L. Gurinovich. - Minsk: OOO Potpourri, 2002. - P. 50. - ISBN 985-438-681-3 .
- ↑ Qatar has entered into a large-scale contract with the Pentagon for the purchase of weapons worth $ 11 billion . ITAR-TASS (07/15/2014).
- ↑ The Military Balance 2010. - P. 276.
- ↑ The Military Balance 2010. - P. 267.
- ↑ The Military Balance 2010. - P. 94.
- ↑ The Military Balance 2010. - P. 73.
- ↑ The Military Balance 2010. - P. 414.
Literature
- James C. O'Halloran, Christopher F. Foss. Jane's Land-Based Air Defense 2003-2004. - 16th edition. - Jane's Information Group, 2003 .-- 422 p. - ISBN 9780710625519 .
- Anti-aircraft missile systems / Comp. N. Ya. Vasilin, A.L. Gurinovich. - Minsk: OOO Potpourri, 2002. - 464 p. - 11,000 copies. - ISBN 985-438-681-3 .
Links
- Portable anti-aircraft missile system Javelin . Information System "Rocket Technology" BSTU . Date of treatment September 3, 2010. Archived March 15, 2012.
- Javelin The Federation of American Scientists. Date of treatment September 3, 2010. Archived March 15, 2012.
- Javelin MANPAD (English) (Video). Youtube.com Date of treatment September 4, 2010.
- Video footage of the S15 Javelin missile training launches at the Manbir anti-aircraft artillery range near the English Channel, July 10, 1998
- Video of the launch of the Javelin S15M missile S15