Parkhomenko, Ivan Kirillovich

IK Parkhomenko was born on July 19, 1870 in the village of Mashevo, Novgorod-Seversky district, Chernihiv province .

He received art education at the Kiev Drawing School (a student of N. N. Ge ), at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts (a student of I. Ye. Repin ), at the Paris Academy of Julien (a student of J. P. Lorans ). He was distinguished by a rare manner of writing - without a contour, he immediately put in brush strokes.

In 1908 , returning from Paris to St. Petersburg , he began to create a full-scale portrait gallery of Russian writers - Vyacheslav Ivanov , A. I. Kuprin , A. M. Remizov , V. V. Rozanova , I. S. Rukavishnikova , S. M. Gorodetsky , T. L. Shchepkina-Kupernik and others, most of which are currently located in the State Literary Museum of Moscow .

At the same time, I. K. Parkhomenko created a gallery of portraits of political and state figures of Russia of that time: S. Yu. Vitte , N. A. Maklakov , P. N. Milyukova , V. I. Lenin , F. E. Dzerzhinsky , A. V. Lunacharsky , S. M. Budyonny , V. K. Blucher and others.

As a “artist of the Kremlin,” he saw a lot, knew, noticed, and, being a true realist, never missed the smallest details of the era’s ruling image, which was largely the reason for his arrest in 1928 . In Butyrsky Prison, the communist regime turned for IK Parkhomenko by completely different persons, whom he also tried to capture on canvas, cardboard or a piece of gray-yellow paper. His mastery of the painter was also useful there: the criminals of no less Bolshevik leaders wanted to have their portraits.

In 1930, IK Parkhomenko was released. He was offered to go to Ukraine and write there portraits of the local governing elite. Having settled in February 1931 in Kharkov , then the capital of Ukraine, the artist began a new Ukrainian portrait gallery, which became poses for: Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialistic Republic V. Ya. Chubar , Secretary General of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (B) U S. Century Kossior G. I. Petrovsky , People's Commissars of Ukraine A. M. Dudnik, N. A. Skrypnik , etc.

In parallel, the painter worked on portraits of the Ukrainian intelligentsia: the writer A. V. Golovko , the artist A. M. Komashky , the poet P. G. Tychyna and others.

The Ukrainian period was the last in the work of IK Parkhomenko. At the end of the 1930s, due to illness, he was forced to return to Moscow, where he died on January 21, 1940 .

After his death, there remained a great literary and artistic legacy: memories of “What was,” “About himself and his business,” “Cases,” numerous essays and stories published in various periodicals, collections and books, for example, "Three days at Tolstoy" or "As I wrote a portrait of Lenin," two volumes of poems, the book "Free Woman" and, above all, more than 200 natural portraits of Russian and Soviet writers, political and state figures, military, scientists, artists

The artist's extensive epistolary legacy, numbering over a thousand letters, whose recipients were I. E. Repin , V. V. Rozanov , A. S. Suvorin , A. Koni , S. A. Vengerov , V. V. Veresaev , A. And Rykov , A. S. Yenukidze and others. I. K. Parkhomenko led a long-term correspondence with L. N. and S. A. Tolstoy, V. G. Korolenko , K. S. Barantsevich , S. M. Gorodetsky , K. V. Lukashevich , S. D. Drozhzhin , which, in conjunction with another correspondence, is a valuable material on the history of Russia of the late XIX - early XX century.

Most of it is currently stored in the archives: the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art , the State Archive of the Russian Federation , the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History , the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Manuscript Department of the Leo Tolstoy State Museum, the Archive of the Academy of Arts.

In turn, the paintings by I. K. Parkhomenko are in Russia as part of the following art collections and funds: the State Literary Museum , the Museum of the Revolution , the State Historical Museum , the Institute of World Literature. A. M. Gorky , in the State Museum of L. Tolstoy and in the House-Museum of S. D. Drozhzhin. Although much of the work was lost in the revolutionary years.

• The children's portrait of V.I. Lenin , made by Parkhomenko on a photograph by order of A.I. Elizarova-Ulyanova to the 50th anniversary of his brother, served as the basis for the image on the October-October star. According to the memoirs of the adopted son of Ulyanova, Georgy Yakovlevich Lozgachev-Elizarov, the artist worked on a portrait in the Moscow apartment of Ulyanova — Elizarova in 1920 ^[1] .

• As a child, Parkhomenko wrote a letter to the empress with a request to help him enroll in the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts . A positive response was received, but “the case was prevented only by the minority of the young talent that was found out later”. ^[2]
• The portrait, painted by Parkhomenko in Yasnaya Polyana from July 19 to July 21, 1909 , L. Tolstoy considered the best of all his existing pictorial images. ^[3]

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  IN AND. Ulyanov at the age of 4 years

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  Portrait of V.I. Lenin. 1921 . V.I. Lenin Museum

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  Portrait of V.V. Rozanov . 1909 . Canvas, oil. GLM

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  Portrait of A. Blok . 1910

• Parkhomenko T. A. Artist IK Parkhomenko in the labyrinth of Russian culture. 1870-1940. - M.: Glavarhiv Publishing House of Moscow , 2006. - 148 c. - ISBN 5-7228-0130-5
• Blumina I.M. Ivan Parkhomenko. Naris about life and creativity. - Kiiv, 1987.

• Parkhomenko IK. My Memories of Leo N. Tolstoy // Leo Tolstoy in Contemporaries: In 2 t. / Ed. S.A. Makashin. - M .: Art. lit., 1978. - T. 2. - p. 397-407.