Aceras figurative [2] , or Aceras man- ness [3] ( Latin Aceras anthropophorum ) is a European species of perennial herbaceous tuberous plants from the genus Aceras of the Orchid family ( Orchidaceae ).
| Aceras figured | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Scientific classification | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| International Scientific Name | |||||||||||||||||||||
Aceras anthropophorum ( L. ) R.Br. (1814) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Titles
The scientific generic name is of Greek origin - a (a particle of negation), ceras ("horn") - and can be translated as "without a horn" (the name is given due to the fact that representatives of the genus spurs on the flowers are missing). The scientific specific epithet also comes from the Greek words: anthropos ("man") and phoros ("bear", "carrying") - the lips of the flowers look like little men.
Synonyms [4] :
- Ophrys anthropophora L. ( 1753 ) basionym - Ofris man-bearing
- Orchis anthropophora ( L. ) All. ( 1785 ) - Orchid tree bearing
- Arachnites anthropophora ( L. ) FWSchmidt ( 1793 )
- Satyrium anthropophorum ( L. ) Pers. ( 1807 )
- Loroglossum anthropophorum ( L. ) Rich. ( 1817 )
- Himantoglossum anthropophorum ( L. ) Spreng. ( 1826 )
- Serapias anthropophora ( L. ) Jundz. ( 1830 )
Spread
The species range is Western Europe from the Mediterranean countries to the countries of Eastern Europe . At an altitude of 0 to 1650 meters above sea level. On the territory of the former USSR, the figure figure is found in Lithuania and in Western Ukraine . It grows in deciduous forests , meadows , sometimes among shrubs , usually on dry sandy soil. It can tolerate some shading, but prefers direct light.
The plant is rare, in many areas is on the verge of extinction.
Biological description
Aceras figured - herbaceous plant 20–35 cm tall with whole root tubers of oval or oblong shape with a diameter of up to 6 cm.
The leaves are oval (oblong-lanceolate), about 5 cm long, collected in the basal (basal) rosette ; have a bluish-green color. From the center of the outlet grow straight stalks of height from 20 to 60 cm.
Inflorescence - many-flowered, has the form of a dense cylindrical brush . On one brush can be up to fifty flowers.
Outer tepals folded into the helmet . Flowers - various shades: from yellowish-green to brownish-green, on the edges brown-violet. Lip linear, flat, three-blade, drooping; the middle lobe of the lip is longer than the other tepals and approximately to the middle is divided into two parts; spur is missing. Like many other members of this family, the flowers of the Acaceous figured imitate insects for the purpose of successful cross- pollination .
The first four years, the plants of the genus Aceras lead an underground way of life and only in the fifth year above the ground does the first green leaf appear. Already in May, the leaves begin to turn yellow. The plant blooms in June, and the new tuber (which will give flowering shoots next year) by this time is no longer the same size as the old one. After flowering, the old tuber dies off and from July to September the aboveground part of the plant is absent.
Basal rosette, inflorescence and a separate flower of aceraza figure. | ||||||||||
In culture
It is difficult to grow a plant in artificial conditions. In natural habitats tolerant to soil pH (5.5 - 8).
The plant grows best in well- drained, moist, sandy soil rich in humus .
Vegetative reproduction is difficult. Seed propagation is practiced: they are planted in sterile containers.
Classification
Taxonomic position
In the genus Aceras, there is another species , Aceras longibracteatum (Aceras longibracteatum), which grows in the Mediterranean and is also a rare plant.
The genus Aceras and the genus Ophrys very close to it (as well as Orchis ( Orchis ), Lyubka ( Platanthera ), Kokushnik ( Gymnadenia ), etc.) belong to the Orchid ( Orchideae ) subfamily of the Orchid family ( Orchidaeae ) of the Orchid family ( Orchidaee ) of the Orchid family ( Orchidaeae ) of the Orchid family ( Orchidaeae ) of the Orchid family ( Orchidaeae ). :
| five more subfamilies, including Vanilla | Childbirth Orchis , Lyubka , Kokushnik , etc. | ||||||||||||||
| Orchid family | tribe of hawthorn | ||||||||||||||
| Aceras figured , Aceras dlinnoprivetvetnikovy | |||||||||||||||
| order Sparse flowers | subfamily Orchids | genus Acéras | |||||||||||||
| 24 more families (according to the APG II System ), including Amaryllis , Onion , Asparagus | six more tribes | ||||||||||||||
Hybrids
There are known natural hybrids of Acceras figured with species of the genus Orchis ( Orchis ): with Orchis orchid ( Orchis militaris ), Orchis purpurea ( Orchis purpurea ), Orchid monkey ( Orchis simia ) and some others.
Left: Orchis × bivonae [ syn. × Orchiaceras bivonae ] = Orchis italica × Aceras anthropophorum . Right: Orchiaceras × spurium = Orchis militaris × Aceras anthropophorum . | ||||||||||
Notes
- ↑ On the conditionality of specifying the class of monocotyledons as a higher taxon for the group of plants described in this article, see the “APG Systems” section of the article “Monocotyledons” .
- ↑ The name Aceras figured is given according to the Flora of the European part of the USSR, volume II. - L .: "Science", Leningrad. Dep. - 1976.
- ↑ On the site of the Botanical Garden of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, as the Russian name for Aceras anthropophorum, is the human- bearing Aceras . Archived June 16, 2008.
- ↑ KEW regards the name Aceras anthropophorum ( L. ) R.Br. ( 1814 ) as a synonym and considers the correct name for this taxon Orchis anthropophora ( L. ) All. ( 1785 ) .
Literature
- Flora of the European part of the USSR, volume II. / T.V. Egorova, V.S. Novikov, V.V. Protopopova, L.A. Smolyaninova. Ed. ed. A. A. Fedorov, ed. Toma V. Egorov. - L .: "Science", Leningrad. Otdel., 1976. In electronic form
- Gladkova V.N. Orchid family (Orchidaceae) // Plant Life. In 6 t. / Ch. ed. A.L. Tahtajan . - M .: Enlightenment, 1981. - T. 6. Flowering plants. / Ed. A.L. Tahtajyan . - p. 248-275. - 543 s., Il .; 34 l. silt with. - 300 000 copies
- Botany. Encyclopedia "All Plants of the World": Trans. from English (ed. D. Grigoriev and others.) - Könemann, 2006 (Russian edition). - S. 617 (genus Ophrys ). - ISBN 3-8331-1621-8 .