Pozzuoli ( Italian Pozzuoli , Nap . Pezzulo ) is a port city on the shores of the bay of the same name in the Gulf of Naples in the Campania region, in the center of the famous seismic activity zone (see " Phlegrean Fields ").
| City | |
| Pozzuoli | |
|---|---|
| Pozzuoli | |
 | |
| A country |  Italy |
| Provinces | Naples |
| Chapter | Vincenzo figliolia |
| History and Geography | |
| Former names | Diarcharchy, Puteoli |
| Square | 43 km² |
| Center height | 28 m |
| Timezone | UTC + 1 , in summer UTC + 2 |
| Population | |
| Population | 82 131 people ( 2004 ) |
| Density | 1832 people / km² |
| Katoykonim | puteolani |
| Digital identifiers | |
| Telephone code | (+39) 081 |
| Postcode | 80078 |
| Car code | |
| ISTAT Code | 063060 |
| comune.pozzuoli.na.it (ital.) | |
The patron saint of the settlement is considered to be st. Proclus from Pozzuoli . His day is annually celebrated on November 16th . Previously, the city was called Dykearchia (as the city of Greater Greece ) and Puteoli (after the founding of the Roman colony in 194 BC ).
Content
History
The ancient Greek colony in Great Greece Dykearchia ( dr. Greek Δικαιαρχία , "city of justice") was founded around 531/520. BC e. Samossey - political refugees of the tyranny of Polycrates . Soon, the Diquarchy came under the influence of neighboring Kuma , for which it became the main port. In 421 BC e. the city was captured by the Samnites . After the Samnite Wars of the 4th century BC e. The diarchy, together with the rest of the Campaign, came under the power of the Roman Republic . In 214 BC The diarcharchy successfully survived the siege of Hannibal . In 194 BC e. the Romans established a Roman colony in the Diarcharchy , renaming the city Puteoli ( lat. Puteoli ). The name of the city appeared either from the word puteus ( well ), or from the Latin verb puteo ( smelling bad ), due to the fact that near the city there was an unpleasant smell of hydrogen sulfide fumes coming from the volcanic crater of Solfatar in the Phlegrean fields .
The proximity of Puteol to the Appian Way and Capua soon turned the city into a major trading port.
After the fall of the Roman Empire, earthquakes and the threat of volcanic eruptions forced residents to move to nearby Naples . Part of the ancient city, due to seismic activity, now lies under water and is being investigated by marine archaeologists .
Already in antiquity, Pozzuoli was connected to Naples by a tunnel dug under a coastal rock, which caused amazement for travelers, including P. A. Tolstoy , who wrote in 1698:
| And, having left the city of Naples, he saw a thing that was predisposing: a road was made under the ground with a width of five sapens, and a driveway at one end from Naples was six feet under the ground, and at the other end lower, and the length of the road or passage under the ground would be five hundred fathom. In the middle of that passage, the darkness was great even on a day, for that road was cut through a great stone mountain; and for lordship in the middle of the road a small window is made up, however, there is not much luminosity from that window. |
Attractions
The remains of the ancient city - the baths , the market , the necropolis with painted burial chambers - are relatively well preserved. Among them, the first place belongs to the Flavian Amphitheater , one of the largest in the ancient world. The ruins of the market in tourist booklets are held like the temple of Serapis . Spills from the Temple of Augustus were used in the construction of the Cathedral of St. Proclus.
In the vicinity of the city you can see the Monte Nuovo volcano, which appeared in the 16th century, and the Solfatara volcanic crater, which occasionally emits sulfur fumes.
Pozzuoli gave the name to the famous pozzolans , eruptive rocks from which the ancient Romans made a cementing mortar for building concrete [1] .
Twin Cities
- Agios Dimitrios , Greece (1986)
- Szczecin , Poland (1993)
- Tarragona , Spain (2003)
Notes
- ↑ Ottorino Pianigiani. pozzolana // Vocabolario Etimologico della Lingua Italiana .