Pissarro, Camille

Camille Pissarro was born July 10, 1830 on the island of St. Thomas ( West Indies ), in a bourgeois family. His father was a Jew - Sephardic Abram Pissarro, his mother - Rachelle Manzano Pommier, a native of the Dominican Republic . Until the age of 12, Camille lived in the West Indies, then, already at the age of 25, he moved to Paris with his whole family. After leaving school he again traveled to Saint-Tom, as well as to Venezuela , where, together with his friend, Danish artist, Mölbu mastered the art of painting in Caracas .

In 1855, he finally returned to France. From 1855 to 1861 he studied at the School of Fine Arts and at the Suisse Academy in Paris. His teachers were Camille Corot , Gustave Courbet and Charles-Francois Daubigny . He took private lessons from I. Danyang . The main subjects of his works during this period are rural landscapes, as well as views of Paris.

During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871, Pissarro moved to London . During this time, many of his works left in Paris were destroyed by German soldiers living in his house. Only forty paintings have been preserved.

In his political views, Pissarro was a staunch anarchist and regularly provided money support to anarchist publications and the anarchists themselves in France and Belgium . However, anarchism had no effect on Pissarro's work. In the same way, anarchism did not affect the practical side of Pissarro's life: in need of money, the artist took part in the commercial activities of his father from time to time.

Pissarro had a strong influence on the impressionists, having independently developed many principles that formed the basis of their painting style. He was friends with artists such as Degas , Cezanne and Gauguin . Pissarro is the only participant in all eight Impressionist exhibitions.

Even during his studies at the Academy, Pissarro began an affair with his parents' maid, Julie Welley. But young people could formalize the relationship only after 10 years. The Pissarro family had eight children. Two of them - Georges and Lucien - became artists.

The artist died on November 12 (according to other sources - November 13), 1903 in Paris. He was buried in the Pere Lachaise cemetery .

Pissarro began as a student of Camille Corot . The teacher’s innate love for landscape painting has already affected this choice of teacher. But at the beginning of his career Camille Pissarro pays no less attention to drawing. Already in his early works, the artist paid special attention to the image of illuminated objects in the air. Since then, light and air have become the leading theme in the work of Pissarro.

Pissarro gradually began to free himself from the influence of Corot, his own style matured. Since 1866, the artist’s palette has become brighter, the dominant theme of his plot is the space penetrated by sunlight and light air, and the neutral tones characteristic of Koro disappear.

The works that glorified Pissarro are a combination of traditional landscape plots and unusual techniques in painting light and illuminated objects. The paintings of the mature Pissarro are written in dense strokes and are filled with the physical sensation of light, which he sought to express.

After meeting with Georges-Pierre Seurat in 1890, Pizarro became interested in the technique of pointillism (separate smearing). But these works sold very poorly. Moreover, what Pissarro wanted to convey with this technique gradually exhausted itself and ceased to bring him artistic satisfaction. Pissarro returned to his usual manner.

In the last years of his life, Camille Pissarro noticeably deteriorated vision. Despite this, he continued to work and created a series of views of Paris, filled with magnificent artistic emotions. The unusual angle of these paintings is explained by the fact that the artist painted them not on the street, but from hotel rooms. This series has become one of the highest achievements of impressionism in the transmission of light and atmospheric effects and in many ways its well-known symbol.

Pissarro also painted in watercolor and created many etchings and lithographs . For lithographs, he even bought a special machine and installed it in his house.

• Yudenich I.V., Landscapes of Pissarro in the Hermitage. L., 1963;
• Camille Pissarro. Letters. Criticism. Memoirs of contemporaries (translated from French by E.R. Klasson; introductory article, comp. And note. K. G. Bohemsky), M., "Art", 1974;
• Pissarro LR, Venturi L., Camille Pissarro, son art, son œuvre, v. 1-2, P., 1940;
• Rewald J., Camille Pissarro, NY, 1963.

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  Le Havre's Inner Harbor - Sun in the morning, the tide began , 1902,
  Le Havre , Andre Malraux Museum of Modern Art .

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  Pilot Pier in Le Havre , 1903,
  Le Havre , Andre Malraux Museum of Modern Art .

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  Chestnuts at Louvesien , vers 1870,
  Paris , Orsay Museum .

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  Entrance to the village of Voisin , 1872,
  Paris , Orsay Museum .

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  Peasant Woman with a Cart , 1874
  (Rondes House, Pontoise). Stockholm , National Museum of Sweden .

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  Red roofs in the corner of the village in winter , 1877
  (Cote Saint-Denis, Pontoise). Paris , Orsay Museum .

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  Orchard in Pontoise , 1877,
  private collection

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  Harvest, Pontoise , 1880,
  private collection

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  Harvest , 1882,
  Tokyo , Bridgestone Museum of Art .

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  Shepherdess. The Sheep Attraction , 1886,
  Norman (Oklahoma) , Fred Jones Jr. Museum of Art .

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  Montmartre Boulevard in the spring , 1897,
  Jerusalem , Israeli Museum .

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  Epispery Street, Rouen , 1898,
  Norman (Oklahoma) , Fred Jones Jr. Museum of Art .

• Camille Pissarro. Virtual gallery of works