Montreal has a long and complex demographic history. Despite the fact that the sites of the first people - Indian tribes - appeared on the territory of the city about 8 thousand years ago, the first permanent centralized human settlement on the island of Montreal - "Ville-Marie" appeared only in 1642 , and the Frenchman Paul Shomedi de Mezonnev became the first ruler of the city (under governor Samuel de Champlain), and the lands along the banks of the St. Lawrence River were reorganized on the map into a system of semi-feudal plots ( seniors of New France ).
French mode
The city was settled by the French in the years 1642-1760. (118 years), but the Paris authorities almost did not engage in the development of the settlement (the capital of New France was also the city of Quebec , founded in 1608 ). So, Voltaire considered the whole of Canada strategically insignificant and contemptuously used to describe it the phrase: "several snow pits". The few French colonists in Montreal, mostly young men, lived in wooden huts and engaged in the fur trade . Due to the chronic shortage of French women, the first colonists abducted or ransomed Indian women from Indian tribes. The data of the first French colonial reports testify to the weak rates of development of the city:
So in 1680, almost forty years after its foundation, there were only 493 colonists in the settlement (their brackets are shown in brackets):
- 75 ( Paris ),
- 68 ( Normandy )
- 54 ( They and La Rochelle ),
- 35 ( Anjou )
- 34 ( Poitou ),
- 28 ( Maine ),
- 23 ( Sentonge ),
- 17 ( Brittany ),
- 16 ( Persh )
- 13 ( Angouleme ),
- 12 ( Champagne )
- 10 ( Picardy )
In the second half of the century, King Louis XIV of the Sun sends a so-called colony to the colony. The daughters of the king, about 700 unmarried French girls (royal girls) for the purpose of their marriage.
However, immigration from France has never been numerous since the thermophilic French did not tolerate the northern winters. The exceptions were the Normans, accustomed to the rather windy and damp sea climate of northwestern France.
In August 1701 , 1,300 members of Indian tribes in northeastern America gathered at the French-Indian Congress in Montreal (by which time there were 1,200 inhabitants) to sign an important cooperation agreement, called the Great Montreal World (La Grande paix de Montréal ). Many of the Indians who participated in the congress actually became ambassadors of the Indian tribes under the French colonial administration and remained to live in the village, increasing its population to 2,000 people.
At the beginning of the XVIII century, the city became the most important fort, from where French explorers Louis Jolier , La Salle , L'-Veréndieu and Duluth were sent into the interior of the continent. Gradually, the city attracts more and more attention of the British, whose American colonies no longer have enough living space on a narrow strip of the Atlantic Ocean. To protect the city in 1725 the first earthen bank was built. Despite the powerful earthquake of September 16, 1732 , fortifications improved until 1740 . At the same time, the population is growing rapidly. By 1760, when the Count de Levy finally surrendered the city to Briton Lord Jeffrey Amherst, the population of Montreal surpassed 5 thousand people, although in the capital of the region - Quebec there were still more residents (9 thousand).
Dynamics of the population of a city
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The demographic transition among the English-speaking population of the city was completed, probably at the end of the XIX century, among the French-speaking - by the beginning of the 60s of the XX century. Since then, the main increase in the population of the city is provided by international migration. Since the late 1970s, more than 80% of immigrants in the city are from Asia, Africa and Latin America, many of whom were colonies of France in the past. Algeria , Morocco , Haiti , and most recently France , China , Romania, and Colombia stand out among the neo-Montrealist countries of origin. At the same time, the migration balance of Montreal within the country is negative due to the emigration of the English-speaking (and sometimes French-speaking) population in Ontario and the USA .
Languages
| 1996 [1] | 2001 [2] | 2006 [3] | |
|---|---|---|---|
| French | 71.2% | 72.1% | 70.5% |
| English | 19.4% | 18.5% | 18.5% |
| Other | 13.4% | 13.1% | 14.6% |
| The amount may be greater than 100%. as some speak several languages at home. | |||
| Tongue | Greater Montreal | Quebec | Canada |
|---|---|---|---|
| French | 66.5% | 80.1% | 22.3% |
| English | 13.2% | 8.6% | 58.4% |
| Italian | 3.5% | 1.8% | 1.5% |
| Arab | 3.1% | 1.6% | 0.9% |
| Spanish | 2.6% | 1.5% | 1.2% |
| Creole | 1.3% | 0.7% | 0.2% |
| Chinese | 1.2% | 0.6% | 1.5% |
| Greek | 1.2% | 0.6% | 0.4% |
| Portuguese | 0.8% | 0.5% | 0.7% |
| Romanian | 0.7% | 0.4% | 0.3% |
| Vietnamese | 0.7% | 0.4% | 0.5% |
| Russian | 0.5% | 0.3% | 0.4% |
| Armenian | 0.4% | 0.2% | 0.1% |
| Polish | 0.4% | 0.2% | 0.7% |
Notes
- Ф (fr.) Institut de la statistique du Québec Tableau 2 - Langue maternelle et langues parlées à la maison, connaissance des langues officielles, 1996, 1991 et 1986 - Régions métropolitaines de recensement unopened (PDF) (not available link) . The date of circulation is March 16, 2007. Archived March 15, 2012.
- S is S Most Most Most Most 8 8 ()) Language Language Language Language Language Language Sex Sex Sex , 2001 Census - 20% Sample Data . Statistics Canada , 2001 Census of Population . The date of circulation is March 16, 2007. Archived March 15, 2012.
- Often Population 2006 spok 2006 often often often often often often often often often often 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 data data data data data data data data data data data data data data data data data data The date of circulation is December 5, 2007. Archived March 15, 2012.
- ↑ Montreal (CMA) - Detailed Mother Tongue . Canada 2006 Census . Statistics Canada (April 1, 2008). The appeal date is January 18, 2010. Archived March 15, 2012.