Immortals, Alexander Alexandrovich

Born in the city of Biysk. His father, Alexander Ivanovich the Immortals, died at the front of the Great Patriotic War in early 1943 ^[2] . After that, mother Maria Vasilievna with her children moved to relatives in the city of Oirot-Tura (modern Gorno-Altaysk ). There, Alexander graduated from high school in 1951 ^[2] . Then he graduated from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations ( 1957 ^[2] ), candidate of law ( 1970 ).

• In 1957-1960 - referent, senior referent, attache of the press department of the USSR Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
• In 1960-1966 - translator, employee of the UN Secretariat ^[2] .
• In 1966-1970 - the second, then the first secretary of the secretary of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR ^[2] .
• In 1970-1983 - First Secretary, Advisor, Counselor-Envoy of the USSR Embassy in the USA . According to the American Biographical Yearbook, “For 13 years of his work at the Soviet Embassy in Washington, the Immortals turned into a model of a diplomat who skillfully represented his country” ^[2]
• In 1983-1986 - head of the US department of the USSR Ministry of Foreign Affairs, member of the board of the USSR Ministry of Foreign Affairs ^[2] .
• In 1986-1998 - Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR.
• In 1988-1990 - First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR ^[2] .
• In May 1990 - January 1991 - Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the USSR to the United States ^[2] .
• In 1990-1991 he was a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU .

Minister of Foreign Affairs

In January-August 1991 - Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR ^[3] , simultaneously in March-December 1991 - member of the Security Council of the USSR ^[4] . The first graduate of MGIMO, who headed the Foreign Ministry. Mikhail Gorbachev, who appointed the Immortals as Minister, called him a man of "great professionalism, broad views and high culture" ^[2] .

As a minister, he participated in the preparation of an international peace conference on the Middle East , co-chaired by the USSR and the USA ^[2] (the conference was held in Madrid in September 1991, after his actual resignation). He was the first head of the Soviet Foreign Ministry to visit Israel as part of this process ^[2] . He was the author of the concept of “creating a belt of friendship and cooperation around the Soviet Union”, according to which the priorities of the USSR’s foreign policy included the development of ties with all states around the country, including those that were previously on the periphery of the interests of Soviet diplomacy. During his tenure as Minister in July 1991, the Soviet-American START-1 Treaty was signed in Moscow. He began the process of preparing and concluding bilateral agreements with the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, formerly allies of the USSR under the Warsaw Treaty. He signed the first agreements of the USSR with the Council of Europe ^[2] .

In August 1991, refused to join the State Emergency Committee , but did not condemn his activities. Stating that he was sick, he did not lead the ministry during the crisis ^[5] . On August 23, after the defeat of the GKChP, the President of the USSR signed a decree on the dismissal of the Immortals and introduced a decree for consideration by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR ^[6] . However, the resignation was not considered at the session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR that opened on August 26, nor was the appointment of Boris Pankin ^{[7] [8] [9]} instead, on which a decree was introduced on August 28, 1991. Thus, the Immortals formally remained the head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the USSR until November 14, 1991 ^[10] (since August 28, he was formally acting minister due to the resignation of the Union Cabinet ^[11] ) when, by decision of the State Council, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was reorganized into the Ministry of Foreign Relations of the USSR ^[12] .

Since September 1991 - Head of the Center for Political Analysis at the Foreign Policy Association of Russia. Since March 1992 - President of the Foreign Policy Association of Russia ^[2] .

Chairman of the World Council of Former Foreign Ministers ^[2] , co-chair of the Windsor Forum (Russian-British dialogue of elites) ^[2] , Russian-American Political Forum ^[2] . Full member of the Russian Academy of Social Sciences, corresponding member of the Chilean Academy of Social, Political and Human Sciences, Honorary Professor of Moscow State University and New Russian University. Chairman of the Supervisory Board of the Foundation for International Scientific and Technical Programs, Vice President of the International Public Movement "Eastern Dimension", Member of the International Council of the Ocean Safety Organization.

He is the author of many articles and studies on the topics of diplomacy, foreign policy, military-political strategy, and negotiations on nuclear weapons.

He was awarded the Order of Friendship of Peoples , Honor , as well as the Order of Daniel of Moscow, III degree of the Russian Orthodox Church ^[2] .

• Biographical Information at pseudology.org
• http://www.biografija.ru/biography/bessmertnykh-aleksandr-aleksandrovich.htm
• http://www.alexanderyakovlev.org/almanah/almanah-dict-bio/1021063/1