Moldovans in Ukraine - the Moldovan ethnic minority in Ukraine , according to the 2001 census, totals 258 619 people [1] . Moldovans live compactly in the Ukrainian-Moldovan ethnic borderlands in Bukovina and Bessarabia , both in its northern part ( Khotinshchina ) and in the southern part ( Budzhak ), and in ethnic enclaves east of the Dniester in the South and, to a lesser extent, Right-Bank Ukraine [ 2] . Moldavians make up the largest ethnic group of the Reniysky district of Odessa region and the Novoselitsky district of the Chernivtsi region .
Content
History
Part of the territory of the settlement of East Roman peoples in the X — XIII centuries. repeatedly was part of the East Slavic state associations: the Old Russian state and the Galicia-Volyn principality [3] . Subsequently, representatives of the East Romanian peoples made up a significant share among the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks [4] .
The settlement of Moldovans in the Black Sea region was assisted by the fact that this part of Ukraine and neighboring Moldova were under Turkish rule since the 16th century, so the population did not encounter obstacles from moving from Moldova to the sparsely populated Left Bank of the Dniester, Left Bank of the Dnieper, Podolia , southern parts of the Bratslav and Kiev voivodships [4] . Then the Moldavian peasants moved in whole villages to the Northern Black Sea region , where social conditions were better. The number of Moldovans in Ukraine increased after the territory between the Dniester and the Bug passed into the possession of the Russian Empire , and the Russian government granted large landholdings to the Moldovan landowners and members of the government (in 1792, 260 thousand dessiatines of land in Ananyevsky and Tiraspol counties , which were mostly inhabited by fugitives from Zaprut Moldavia ) [2] . Some of the Moldavians settled east of the Southern Bug [2] .
Moldovan settlers took part in the Haidam uprisings [2] , they were resettled together with the Ukrainians in the military settlements of New Russia [2] .
After the liquidation of the Zaporizhzhya Sich ( 1775 ), the Moldavians founded a number of such villages (mouth) in the interfluve of the Dnieper and Sinyukha , as well as in the Slavianoserb and Bakhmut districts [4] . Over time, the Moldavian Hussar Regiment was formed on the territory of New Serbia [4] .
In the 19th century, under the influence of the newly emerging Romanian state, part of the population of the former Moldavian principality gradually began to consider themselves Romanians , while Moldovans who were not part of Romania retained their old ethnic identity [4] .
Starting from the middle of the 19th century, the share of the Moldavian population of Bessarabia and Novorossia gradually decreased due to the intensive migration of Ukrainians , Russians , Bulgarians , Gagauz , Germans . If at the beginning of the XIX century the Moldavians of Bessarabia accounted for more than 60%, then in 1834 - 58.23%, in 1850 - 57.06%, in 1857 - 53.22%, in 1897 - 47.60%, and in 1907 - 45.72%. The Moldovan population was especially noticeable in the Bender and Izmail counties, which became an area of intensive settlement of German colonists, as well as Bulgarians and Gagauzians [3] .
The overall decline in the Moldovan population of Bessarabia and Novorossia was due to two factors: the relocation of Moldavians to the eastern parts of steppe Ukraine, the North Caucasus and other regions of Russia, as well as their noticeable assimilation by Ukrainians and Russians, especially those small groups that went deep into the Slavic ethnic massifs [ 3] . Assimilative processes among Moldovan isolates were especially noticeable in New Russia, as well as in Right-Bank Ukraine [3] . If at the beginning of the 19th century, in Novorossia, Moldavians made up from 1 to 5%, then at the end of the 19th century - from 1.81 to 0.43%. The same trend was observed in the southern regions of Podillia , primarily the Balti , Yampol , and Olgopol counties , which were intensively populated by Moldavians at the beginning of the 19th century (their specific gravity was from 5 to 14%) [3] . Nevertheless, in the post-reform period (after 1861 ), their share, despite new migration waves, decreased to 1–4% mainly due to assimilation by Ukrainians [5] .
According to the 1897 All-Russian Census, 185,000 Moldovans lived in the territory of 9 Little Russian provinces, including 147,000 in Kherson , 27,000 in Podolsky, and 9,000 in Yekaterinoslav [2] .
After the separation of part of the Kherson province in 1924 into the Moldavian Autonomous SSR , about 100,000 remained in Ukraine [2] .
Modernity
| Region | Number (thousand people) | % |
|---|---|---|
| Autonomous Republic of Crimea | 3,7 | 0.2% |
| Vinnytsia region | 2.9 | 0.1% |
| Dnipropetrovsk region | 4.4 | 0.12% |
| Donetsk region | 7.2 | 0.15% |
| Zhytomyr Oblast | 1.4 | 0.1% |
| Zaporozhye region | 1,5 | 0.1% |
| Ivano-Frankivsk region | 0.6 | <0.1% |
| Kiev region | 1,5 | 0.1% |
| Kirovograd region | 8.2 | 0.7% |
| Lugansk region | 3.3 | 0.1% |
| Nikolaevkskaya area | 13,2 | 1,0% |
| Odessa region | 123.8 | 5.0% |
| Poltava region | 2.5 | 0.2% |
| Rivne region | 0.4 | 0.03% |
| Sumy region | 0.8 | 0.1% |
| Kharkov region | 2.5 | 0.09% |
| Kherson region | 4.2 | 0.4% |
| Cherkasy region | 1,6 | 0.1% |
| Chernivtsi region | 67.2 | 7.3% |
| Kiev city | 1.9 | 0.1% |
| Sevastopol city | 0.8 | 0.02% |
According to the 2001 census, 258.6 thousand Moldovans live in Ukraine, while their number compared to the 1989 census decreased by 20.3% [6] . Most of them lived on the territory of Odessa, Chernivtsi, Nikolaev and Kirovograd regions. The vast majority of Moldovans live in rural areas. Only in such industrial areas as Dnepropetrovsk, Donetsk, Lugansk, Zaporizhzhya and Crimea, the majority of Moldovans live in urban settlements. 70% of Moldovans of Ukraine recognized the native language of the Moldavian language , 17.6% - Russian , 10.7% - Ukrainian , 1.7% - another [7] .
In Odessa, broadcasting in the Moldavian language is conducted, in the Reni district there are 5 rural schools with teaching in the Moldavian language [8] . However, Moldovan education is declining. In 2017, only 3 schools with teaching in the Moldavian language were operating in Ukraine [9] . In September 2017, President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko signed a law providing for the following changes in the field of teaching in the languages of national minorities in schools [9] [10] :
- Stopping teaching in schools in national minority languages. From 2018 - from 5th grade and older; by 2020 - in full;
- It is allowed to create separate classes with teaching in the languages of the “indigenous peoples of Ukraine” - Krymchaks , Crimean Tatars and Karaites ;
- It is allowed to teach one or more subjects in schools in the languages of the European Union .
However, during the visit to Romania in October 2017, the Foreign Minister of Ukraine Pavel Klimkin said that not a single school teaching in Romanian would be closed [11] .
Famous Moldovans (Romanians) - natives of Ukraine
- Petro Bolbochan is a military leader of the UPR .
- Sofia Rotaru is a Russian and Ukrainian singer.
- Ivo Bobul - Ukrainian singer
- Lilia Sandules - Ukrainian singer.
- Alina Grosu - Ukrainian singer.
- Vladimir Muntyan is a Soviet football player.
- Gennady Orbu is a Ukrainian football player and coach.
- George Bushan is a Ukrainian football player, goalkeeper.
See also
- Romanians in Ukraine
Notes
- ↑ National composition of the population of Ukraine
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Encyclopedia of Ukrainian Studies
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Ethnicity and Ethnic History of Ukraine (Ukrainian)
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Congress of National Communities of Ukraine. Moldavians. Archived on May 31, 2011.
- ↑ Ethnicity and Ethnic History of Ukraine (Ukrainian)
- ↑ National composition
- ↑ Language composition
- ↑ Odessa News (inaccessible link)
- ↑ 1 2 On the river
- ↑ Poroshenko signed the law on education Ukrainization
- ↑ Romanian schools in Ukraine will not be closed
Links
Literature
- Ethnic national development of Ukraine. Termini, visa, personnel // Vidp. ed. Yu.I. Rimarenko, I.F. Kuras. - Kyiv, 1993 .-- 800 p.
- Zastavetska O.V., Zastavetsky B.I., Weaver D.V. Geography of the population of Ukraine. - Ternopil, 2007.