Badi al-Zaman al-Hamadani

Badi 'al-Zaman was born in the Persian city of Hamadan in a family of “educated, dignified, and high-ranking,” according to Mustafa Al-Shak'a (Ash-Shak'a, 46). It is difficult to say whether it was a Persian or Arab family: many authors call him a Persian, but Badi al-Zaman himself in one of his messages elevates his origin to the northern Arab tribe of the mudar (Al-Shak'a, 44). He studied under Hamadan scholars, including the famous philologist Ahmad ibn Faris (d. 1005). At the age of 22, having left his hometown, Badi 'az-Zaman set off to wander in search of literary knowledge and his place under the sun. The places of his “parking” in chronological order: Isfahan , Dzhurjan , Nishapur , where Abu Bekra al-Khvarizmi wins in a poetic duel (934–993) and gains fame, Sijistan , various cities, Ghazna , and the last refuge is Herat , where he is firmly the donkey, marrying a girl from a noble family, children appeared, he acquired wealth and bought land. Badi 'az-Zaman died before he was 40 years old: according to one version, he was poisoned; according to another, more common, he, who had fainted, was considered dead and buried alive (Ibn Khallikan, I, 69; Ibn al-'Imad, III, 150).

Badi 'az-Zaman is the author of poems, most of which are panegyrics of traditional composition, as well as messages of various contents, addressed mainly to philanthropists, to friendly or unfriendly fellow writers. In the messages, as in poetry, all modern Badi 'az-3amanu are used to decorate the text - various paths, sound repetitions, quotes from the Koran , works of ancient and new poets or from their own poems, literary hints that are not always clear from the first glance, etc. These messages can not be attributed either to prose ( nasr - "scattered speech"), or to verses ( nazm - "strung speech"); in Arabic, this style of writing is called Saj ' (cooing), which usually translates as “rhymed prose”, but this translation is inaccurate, since Saj' differs from ordinary prose not only in the presence of a rhyme, but also in a rhythm that is not created as in poetry by alternating combinations of long and short syllables, and due to the equal number of words in rhyming segments, as well as the parallelism of the grammatical forms used and syntactic constructions. Created by Badi 'az-Zaman and glorifying his name, the Makham genre, with the abundant inclusion of Saj'a , comes from conversations and urban folklore, is a small short story with fictional characters and, often, an adventurous plot. In the collection of maki of Badi 'az-Zaman 51 (52) that has come down to us, the story comes from the person of' Isa ibn Hisham , who in various roles and circumstances encounters a man of magnificent eloquence - by this and earning for himself in various ways a means of living - in which subsequently recognizes Abu l-Fatah al-Iskandri , or simply a certain Alexandrian .

In honor of Badi al-Zaman, a crater on Mercury is named.

• Rasail, Cairo, 1928;
• Sofa, Cairo, 1903;
• al-Makamat, Beirut, 1957;

In Russian translation

• Makamy , in the collection: Eastern Novel, M., 1963, p. 114-121;
• Makamy , publishing house Petersburg Oriental Studies, 1999. Rhythmic translation by A. A. Dolinina and Z. M. Auezova;

• Foreword by A. A. Dolinina to Makama, Petersburg Oriental Studies Publishing House, 1999, ISBN 5-85803-128-5 ;
• Filshtinsky I. M., Arabic Classical Literature, M., 1965;
• Al-Fahouri H., History of Arabic Literature, vol. 2, M., 1961;
• Marun Abboud , Badi al-Zaman al-Hamadani, Cairo, 1954;
• Mustafa al-Shaq, Badi al-Zaman al-Hamadani, Cairo, 1959.
• Great Soviet Encyclopedia, article by A. B. Khalidov.

• Al Hamadani (crater)

• Badi az-Zaman al-Hamadani / N. Yu. Chalisova // Ankiloz - Bank. - M .: Big Russian Encyclopedia, 2005. - P. 642. - ( Big Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vols.] / Ch. Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004—2017, vol. 2). - ISBN 5-85270-330-3 .
• Foreword by A. A. Dolinina to “Makama” and the text of Madira Makama (inaccessible link) ;
• Audio reading in Russian of Madira Makama with traditional Arabic music - Makam (see www.maqamworld.com) (link not available)