The God-man ( dr. Greek Θεάνθρωπο лат , lat. Theanthropos ) - in Christianity God incarnated in man, Jesus Christ [1] .
In Christianity, the God-man is a dogmatic definition of the incarnate Son of God - the second person of the Holy Trinity , Jesus Christ, based on Holy Tradition, Holy Scripture, Nicene Tsaregradsky and Chalcedon Creeds and definitions of Ecumenical Councils [2] [3] [4] , formulated in the process of complex theological controversy; this definition is revealed through the unbroken, inseparable, inseparable and unchanging combination of two natures - divine and human in Jesus Christ, the Son of God [5] . On the basis of this definition, the teachings on the two wills and two actions of Jesus Christ were developed, as well as a system of representation about the communication of properties, deification of human nature , inseparable worship and veneration of the Virgin Mary.
Content
Term History
According to the teaching formulated at the Council of Chalcedon , the natures in Jesus Christ are joined together indiscriminately (that is, they remain whole, and do not form the mixed nature of the demigod, half-human), invariably (that is, the Divine continues to possess its properties without any reduction or weakening, and human nature preserves human properties), inseparably (that is, they do not constitute two separate persons, but a single person), inseparable (that is, they have never been separated and cannot be separated from the very moment of conception and remain in Christ after ascended NII).
The dogma of the dual nature of God the Son has been affirmed for a long time and has become the main goal of criticism of various heresies .
In the middle of the 3rd century, the private theological opinion of the author of the term “God-man” Origen about subordinationism was declared heretical, recognizing God the Son below God the Father as his creation [6] .
At the beginning of the 4th century, the Alexandrian priest Arius was convicted and exiled for denying the eternal existence of the Most Holy Trinity and for recognizing God the Son only as a likeness of God the Father, not naturally endowed with divine attributes, but received them from God the Father at Baptism [7] .
The Syrian bishop Apollinaris of Laodicea the Younger pointed to the logical impossibility of a complete combination of the unchanging (divine) and the changing (human), and believed that Jesus Christ did not have a rational soul (spirit) of man [8] .
The Archbishop of Constantinople Nestorius rejected the revelation of the conception of the God-man by a woman, the divine-humanity of Jesus by nature from the moment of conception, and in fact believed that he became the God-man by grace [9] .
At the beginning of the 5th century, the Monophysites opposed the dogma of the dual nature of Christ, recognizing in him only the divine nature, and Eutychius was also a human ghost [10] .
The Miaphysites , who are followers of another representative of the Monophysites, the Alexandrian Patriarch Dioscoros , recognize the initial dual nature - divine and human, believe, like the Orthodox, Catholics and Protestants, that both of Christ's nature form a single hypostasis , but at the same time, spreading the Monophysite teaching, in contrast to the recognized by all the real Miaphizite churches, the saints of Dioscorus, preach not about the divine, but about the third - the divine-human nature of Christ.
The concept of Christ as the God-man, consubstantial with God the Father by divine nature, and consubstantial to all mankind, regardless of gender, age, physical, mental, social health, race, ethnic, religious and cultural affiliation, and so on - by common human nature, fixed at the Cathedral of Chalcedon in 451 . Jesus Christ - not only the Son of God, but also the Son of Man - deified the common human nature. But the Church observes the Circumcision of the Lord and considers heretics to be those who deny the private nature of Jesus - the Son of David, a man from the people of Israel, the Messiah , the king of Judea from the family of David, the son of Our Lady and Joseph, brother Jacob, the carpenter, member of the guild, union of carpenters and so on further, especially those who, on the basis of denial of the private nature of Jesus Christ, neglect their duties arising from their private nature to their family, Church, comrades or friends, society, people, state. During the Ascension of the Lord, the body of Jesus Christ became incorrupt, it and its private nature are also connected to the Second Person of the Most Holy Trinity, although, unlike God the Father, the Logos and the Holy Spirit , they did not exist forever. The definitions of “Son of God”, “ Son of Man ”, “Son of David” are given in the New Testament. Any other theory that does not recognize the truth of the Deity of Jesus Christ or the truth of His humanity, no matter how harmonious and logical it seems, contradicts the New Testament and, therefore, the truth . [eleven]
According to the adherents of the mythological school that arose in the 18th century , the image of the God-man is rooted in the religion of antiquity and gradually evolved from the original image of the deity to the later image of the God-man [12] .
See also
- God-manhood
- Hypostatic connection
- Christology
- Jehovah's Angel
Notes
- ↑ God-man // Religion: Encyclopedia / comp. and commonly. ed. A.A. Gritsanov , G.V.Sinilo. - Minsk: Book House, 2007.— 960 pp .— (World of Encyclopedias)
- ↑
- Vasiliev P.P. The God-Man // Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron . - S.-Pb .: Brockhaus-Efron. 1890-1907.
- ↑ * Chapter VI Conversations on the “Creed” from the book of A. V. Men , prot. Orthodox worship. Sacrament, Word and Image. - M.: Slovo, 1991 .-- 192 p. ISBN 5-85050-266-1
- III Ecumenical Council 431 Conciliation Confession 433 Archival copy of January 18, 2012 on the Wayback Machine from the book of A. V. Kartashev Ecumenical Councils. - M.: Bibliopolis, 2002. - 560 s.
- N.N. Lisovoy , M.V. Pervushin . Christological disputes (inaccessible link) from the series of radio shows History of the Orthodox Church on the portal Bogoslov.ru.ru audio track
- ↑ Kvlividze N.V. Jesus Christ // Orthodox Encyclopedia , Volume XXI. - M.: Church and Scientific Center "Orthodox Encyclopedia", 2009. - S. 674-713. - 752 s. - 39,000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-89572-038-7 The author is a candidate of art history , associate professor of the Russian State Humanitarian University
- ↑ Vasiliev P.P. The God-Man // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ V.V. Bolotov . The teaching of Origen about the Holy Trinity. -SPb., 1879. - 452 p.
- ↑ Arians // Religion: Encyclopedia / comp. and commonly. ed. A.A. Gritsanov , G.V.Sinilo. - Minsk: Book House, 2007.— 960 pp .— (World of Encyclopedias)
- ↑ Apollinary Laodicean // Men A. V. Bibliological Dictionary: in 3 volumes. - M .: Alexander Me Foundation, 2002. - T. 1: A — I.
- ↑ Nestorianism // Religion: Encyclopedia / comp. and commonly. ed. A.A. Gritsanov , G.V.Sinilo. - Minsk: Book House, 2007.— 960 pp .— (World of Encyclopedias)
- ↑ Monophysitism // Religion: Encyclopedia / comp. and commonly. ed. A.A. Gritsanov , G.V.Sinilo. - Minsk: Book House, 2007.— 960 pp .— (World of Encyclopedias)
- ↑ Melioran B. Christ // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ Krivushin I.V. Jesus Christ // Encyclopedia " Around the World ." The author of the article is Doctor of Historical Sciences , Professor at the Department of World and National History, Higher School of Economics
Literature
- God-man // Orthodox Theological Encyclopedia. Volume 2. Edition of Petrograd. Appendix to the spiritual journal "Wanderer" for 1901
- Vasiliev P.P. The God-Man // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Gladysheva E.V., Nersesyan L.V. Dictionary of names and concepts in ancient Russian art
- Men A. Myth or reality? / History of religion. In search of the Way, Truth and Life. Tom. 7. The Son of Man (Moscow, 1991 - 92)