The Internet segment in Estonia is one of the most developed both in Europe and around the world. In March 2008, according to ITU , the country had 780 thousand Internet users, which amounted to approximately 59.7% of the country's population [1] . By the first quarter of 2010, this number increased to 75% with a population of 1.4 million people [2] , and by 2012 the share was 78% of the country's population. Estonia ranks 24th among 142 countries of the world in the ranking of information technology development [3] , and confidently leads in the ranking of Internet openness [4] .
Content
History
In 1965, the Ural-1 computer was installed in the ESSR in one of the secondary schools in the city of Nyо , which became the first computer installed in the secondary school of the Soviet Union [5] . The spread of computer networks in the country began in 1989, when Fidonet became popular in the USSR: the Estonian node first appeared in that year [5] . The first Internet connections appeared in the early 1990s; in the summer of 1992, the national .ee domain was registered. In 1996, the President of the Republic of Estonia, Lennart Meri, announced the Tiger Jump program for universal computerization and Internetization of schools, which was successfully implemented in the next four years. In 2001, the X-way program was approved, which became the basis for the emergence of the so-called "electronic state" [6] .
Estonian Achievements in the Development of Internet Technologies
- It was Estonia that played an important role in the penetration of the Internet into Russia and the emergence of Runet , since it was through the Estonian territory in 1991 that one of the first Russian main digital digital channels went to the West [7] .
- Programmers from Estonia Ahti Heinla, Priit Kazesalu and Jaan Tallinn are the authors of the Skype program: up to 44% of Skype Technologies employees work in Estonia.
- One of the “pioneers of Russian LJ ” is the Estonian philologist Roman Leibov from Tartu , who actively uses the Russian language in his activities.
Technical Support
The country has created more than 1,100 free Wi-Fi zones, and the number of contracts for mobile services exceeds the number of residents - 139 against 100. Only 98% of the country uses wireless Internet [8] , which makes Estonia one of the most promising states for building such WCNs. [9] like Netsukuku .
The solution of socio-political problems
The Internet is actively involved in public and political activities, because instead of passports electronic ID cards are often used, and most of the official documents are filled in electronically [8] . In 2005, two significant events took place in Estonia: for the first time, local self-government elections were held with the possibility of voting on the Internet [10] ; in the same year, for the first time, a person was put on trial for insults on the Internet and was forced to pay a fine of 3 thousand crowns [10] (in Russia, a similar sentence in the case of Savva Terentyev was passed in the summer of 2008).
The most popular search engine in Estonia is Neti.ee. However, Estonian residents who do not speak fluent Estonian prefer to use English- or Russian-language search engines.
See also
- Runet
- Bynet
Notes
- ↑ European Union Internet Usage and Population Stats
- ↑ Three quarters of Estonian population use the Internet
- ↑ Internet in Estonia
- ↑ The freest Internet in Estonia
- ↑ 1 2 Estonian secret Internet, or Denial of a national stereotype
- ↑ Estonian minister confirm support to X-way program
- ↑ NetHistory.Ru: Relkom network began to use the dedicated Moscow-Tallinn-Helsinki channel (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment July 11, 2008. Archived January 6, 2007.
- ↑ 1 2 Estonia plunges into the Internet space
- ↑ Presentation on Estonia Wireless Archived July 4, 2008 on Wayback Machine
- ↑ 1 2 Internet: Fast Estonia