Coat of arms of Tajikistan

The national emblem of the Republic of Tajikistan is an image of a stylized crown and a semicircle of seven stars on it in the rays of the sun rising from behind mountains covered with snow and framed by a wreath made up of wheat ears on the right, cotton branches with opened boxes on the left. On top of the wreath is interlaced with a three-way ribbon, in the lower sector there is a book on a stand.

In addition to black-and-white and color images of the coat of arms of Tajikistan, the so-called three-dimensional image of the coat of arms ^[1] is also official (the colors of the coat of arms are presented as gradient).

November 24, 1992 at the so-called The “conciliatory” XVI session of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Tajikistan approved the Regulation on the State Emblem of the Republic of Tajikistan. The reference image of the coat of arms was developed by: Z. Khabibullaev, A. Zanevsky, L. Dodkhudoeva, N. Ignatushina, M. Saidaliev. Description of the coat of arms in the Regulation on the State Emblem of the Republic of Tajikistan:

The national emblem of the Republic of Tajikistan is an image of a winged lion in the sun, rising from behind the mountains, framed by ears of wheat intertwined with a three-lane ribbon. Framing is crowned with a crown with seven stars placed in a semicircle above it.

In the color image of the State Emblem of the Republic of Tajikistan: golden rays, a lion, ears, a crown with stars and mountains with white peaks against the background of the blue-green (turquoise) central circle, the ribbon consists of longitudinal red, white and green stripes ^[2] .

After the adoption of the Law on the State Emblem (11.24.1992), amendments were also made to the Constitution of Tajikistan. In particular, the article on the state emblem began to look like this:

“Article 169 .... The state emblem is a depiction of a winged lion in the sunshine coming out from behind the mountains, framed by ears of wheat intertwined with a three-cavity ribbon. The frame is crowned with a crown with seven stars placed in a semicircle over it ... ^[2] .

The winged lion, which was the main figure of the new national emblem, was a symbol of the highest divine power, power, power and greatness, sun and fire among the Indo-Aryan peoples, Persians and Tajiks. From Mesopotamia, the symbol of a winged lion spread to Iran and Central Asia.

In the ruins of the ancient eastern Iranian city of Khabis, archaeologists found a small metal banner (standard) dating from 3 millennium BC, which can be considered one of the oldest banners in the world. It depicts a lion against the backdrop of the rising sun. The image of a lion with the sword "Zulfikar" (the sword of Ali, the nephew of the prophet Muhammad) against the background of the sun was present on the Persian (Iranian) banners from the 15th century A.D. () and on the flags of Persia (Iran) from 1826 to 1979. Since 1906, the flag of green, white and red stripes has become the Iranian flag.

The turquoise color of the disk symbolized the world's largest deposits of turquoise mineral in Tajikistan.

The number of sun rays was 21 - three times repeated groups of 7 rays - three emanations of Ashuramazd with 7 good spirits of Amesh Spent. It is safe to assume that the grouping of sun rays into three groups symbolized the three epochs known in the Avesta in the history of the universal confrontation between good and evil: the golden age, the kingdom of the first man and cultural hero Yima is replaced by the modern era of fierce fighting between the spirits of Good and Evil and their adherents on Earth, and the future era of general prosperity after the victory of Good.

Golden mountains with silver peaks symbolized the snowy ranges of the Alai, Zaalai mountains and the Pamirs.

Ears of wheat are a symbol of agriculture and settled life: "He who sows bread sows righteousness" (Avesta).

The image of the lion on the new state emblem was constantly criticized by officials who retained the Soviet mentality for its obvious similarity with the symbol of the Shah of Iran, on the one hand, and on the part of Islamic radicals there was criticism due to the fact that the canons of Islam prohibit images of living creatures (people, animals, fish , birds, etc.). All this led to the fact that after a year with a small state emblem of the Republic of Tajikistan was changed and its image was as close as possible to the former emblem of the Tajik SSR, which existed since 1937. ^[2] .

According to researcher V. Saprykov ^[3] , “three protrusions in the crown depicted on the coat of arms indicate the regions of the republic - Khatlon, Zarafshan, Badakhshan. Each of them individually is not a country yet. Only united in a single whole do they represent Tajikistan. The crown has one more meaning: the word “taj” in translation means “ crown ”. In a broader sense, the concept of “Tajiks” can be interpreted as “halki tojor,” that is, the crowned people. In other words, the crown plays the role of a unifying principle, without which there cannot be and cannot be a definite state. ”

V. Saprykov points out that the number “seven” (seven stars) is sacred, it brings happiness, and bestows virtue. In the Tajik folk tradition, it is also a symbol of perfection.

Finally, the sun rising from behind the mountains symbolizes the advent of life, light, and ears of wheat - the wealth of the country.

Researcher M. Revnivtsev ^[4] in his own interpretation of the state symbols of Tajikistan refers to the religion of Zoroastrianism , which dates back to the first Tajik state of the Samanids of the 9th – 10th centuries and which, he claims, was popular among the Tajik intelligentsia during the Soviet era, and to date.

According to M. Revnivtsev, the “crown” depicted in the center of the national flag and in the upper part of the coat of arms of Tajikistan includes three stylized images of lamps - three sacred unquenchable lights that are the object of religious worship in Zoroastrian temples. The central element of the “crown” symbolizes the world’s Mount Hara, located in the center of the World , and the curved golden arc at the bottom of the emblem represents the “retaliation bridge” Chinvat, on which on the Day of Judgment Zarathushtra will separate the souls of the righteous from sinners.

Seven golden five-pointed stars, according to M. Revnivtsev, symbolize one of the basic concepts of Zoroastrianism - the seven good spirits of Amesh Spent - the hypostasis and the closest circle of the supreme god Ahur Mazd (Ormuzd). Golden stars located along an arc of a circle form a farne - a solar radiant principle, divine fire, its material emanation, an analogue of the halo of Christian saints.

The winged lion (in the coat of arms of 1992) was among the Indo-Aryan peoples, Persians and Tajiks a symbol of the highest divine power, power, power and greatness, the sun and fire. From Mesopotamia, the symbol of a winged lion spread to Iran and Central Asia.

21 sunbeams - three times repeated groups of 7 rays - symbolize the three emanations of Ahur Mazda with 7 good spirits of Amesh Spent.

Golden mountains with silver peaks - snow-capped ridges of the Alai, Zaalai mountains and the Pamirs .

Wheat ears - a symbol of agriculture and settled life, inherited, like the rising sun, from the coat of arms of the USSR.

In accordance with the decision of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of February 23, 1929 ,

The state emblem of the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic consisted of golden dos (Tajik sickle) and a hammer laid crosswise with the arms down and arranged in the rays of the golden sun, surrounded by a wreath of wheat ears on the right and a cotton branch with open boxes on the left on an orange background. At the bottom there is an inscription in Russian: "Workers of all countries, unite!" Above is the inscription in Tajik in the Persian letter “Workers of all countries, unite!” ^[2]

In accordance with articles 105 of the Constitution of the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of 1929 ,

The state emblem of the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic consisted of a dosa (Tajik sickle) and a hammer in gold laid crosswise with the arms down and located on a five-pointed star, on which in the blue sky is lit by the golden rays of the golden sun rising from behind the snow-covered mountains. The star is surrounded by a crown of ears of wheat on the right and a branch of cotton with open boxes on the left on an orange background. The crown is interwoven at the bottom with a ribbon of red (scarlet) color. Under the star there is an inscription in Russian: "Workers of all countries, unite!" At the top of the star is an inscription in Tajik on the Persian letter and on the Latinized Tajik letter: "Workers of all countries, unite!" The internal drawing of the coat of arms is surrounded by a gold ribbon in the form of a crescent with its horns up. Three inscriptions are placed one above the other on this tape: in Persian letter, in Latinized Tajik letter and in Russian: “Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic”. All three of these inscriptions are located in a semicircle on a golden ribbon in the shape of a crescent. ^[2]

According to the Constitution of the TSSR, adopted on February 24, 1931, by the 4th Congress of Soviets of the Tajik SSR

The emblem consisted of an image of a five-pointed star, in the upper part of which a sickle and hammer were placed in the sun, and in the lower part: a factory building on the mountainsides, a railway bridge, a herd of sheep, a tractor, a steam locomotive. The star is framed by a wreath of ears of wheat (right), branches of cotton (left) and grapes (bottom), the wreath was interlaced with a ribbon with the motto "Workers of all countries, unite!" In the lower sector of the circle there was an inscription "Tajik SSR" in Latinized Tajik, Old Arabic and Russian.

According to the Constitution adopted by the Vth All-Tajik Congress of Soviets in January 1935, the emblem remained unchanged, only the name of the republic was given in abbreviated form "TajSSR". On June 27, 1935, the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Tajik SSR invited the artist Alexander Semenovich Yakovlev to finalize his coat of arms project (the project by A.S. Yakovlev took 1st place at the 1934 competition). ^[2]

On July 4, 1935, the project, finalized by Yakovlev, was approved by the Presidium of the CEC of the Soviets of the Tajik SSR

April 27, 1936 approved by the Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the Tajik SSR

A wreath of wheat ears on the right and cotton branches with open cotton bolls on the left, at the bottom, at the place of interweaving of the cotton branches and ears, a sickle and hammer were placed, surrounded by brushes and vine leaves; in the middle of the sickle - silky cocoons; the wreath is intertwined with a scarlet ribbon with the motto "Workers of all countries, unite!" in Tajik (left) and Russian (right) languages; inside the wreath from the bottom up: a tractor, two rams, arable land, a canal, a hydroelectric station building with a red flag above it, trees, a village, an oil tower, mountains; because of the mountains the sun rises, in the rays of which the inscription "Tajik SSR" is placed in the Tajik language; between the ends of the wreath is a red five-pointed star. ^[2]

On April 27, 1936, the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Tajik SSR adopted a resolution "On Approving the Description of the State Emblem of the Tajik SSR."

On May 26, 1936, the fourth session of the CEC of the Soviets of the Tajik SSR of the fifth convocation approved the images and descriptions of the coat of arms and flag and included these descriptions in articles 92 and 93 of the Constitution of the Tajik SSR.

According to the Constitution adopted by the Extraordinary VI All-Tajik Congress of Soviets on March 1, 1937, the coat of arms was greatly simplified: in the center of the coat of arms in the golden rays of the sun a red five-pointed star was depicted, in the upper part of which were placed a golden sickle and hammer. Everything was framed by a wreath of ears of wheat (right) and cotton branches with open boxes (left). A scarlet ribbon with inscriptions in Tajik and Russian was wrapped around the wreath: "Workers of all countries, unite!" and Tajik SSR (at the base of the wreath). ^[2]

On the basis of constitutional descriptions, the preparation of images of the coat of arms and flag began. On May 19, 1937, the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviets of the Tajik SSR examined the drawings of the coat of arms and the flag of the republic and recommended that the motto on the coat of arms be gold, the coat of arms and leaves of cotton should be light green, the sickle and hammer on the star should be gold. ^[2]

On May 20, 1937, the Presidium of the CEC of the Soviets of the Tajik SSR again considered the draft drawings of the coat of arms and flag and adopted a resolution "On the State Emblem and Flag of the Tajik SSR". With this decree, only the flag was finally approved, and the emblem was recommended to be changed: The motto "Workers of all countries, unite!" it was recommended to write in gold, to make the background and leaves of cotton pale green, the sickle and hammer to be golden, to arrange the rays of the sun around the circle. May 23, 1937 the Presidium of the CEC approved the image of the coat of arms. ^[2] According to the commission created in 1937 under the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces, the translation of the motto "Workers of all countries, unite!" the Tajik language was inaccurate:

In 1938, in the abbreviation on the flag and in the coat of arms "Ç" from the word "Çumhurijat" was replaced by the letter "R" from the word "Respublika". As a result, the inscription on the coat of arms took the form "RSS Tocikiston". The complicated overloaded coat of arms did not satisfy many, the Central Executive Committee of the Tajik SSR even held an all-Union competition for the development of new symbols in 1934, 106 projects were received from residents of the USSR The state emblem of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic consists of a five-pointed star, the upper part of which shows a sickle and a hammer in the rays the sun. The five-pointed star is framed by a crown made up of wheat ears on the right, cotton branches with opened boxes on the left. On top, the crown is interwoven with a ribbon with the inscription: “Workers of all countries, unite!” In Tajik and Russian. In the lower sector of the circle formed by the crown, a ribbon with the inscription "Tajik SSR" in Tajik and Russian. ^[2]

On September 28, 1940, the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Tajik SSR issued a decree,

which changed the writing of inscriptions on the flag and coat of arms from the Latinized alphabet to the new alphabet based on the Russian alphabet. In the new Constitution of the Tajik SSR (1978), the description of the coat of arms has not changed. The official description of the coat of arms in the text of the Constitution:

"Article 131. The state emblem of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic consists of a five-pointed star, the upper part of which shows a sickle and a hammer in the sun. A five-pointed star is framed by a crown made up of wheat ears on the right and cotton branches with open boxes on the left. a ribbon with the inscription: "Workers of all countries, unite!" in Tajik and Russian. In the lower sector of the circle formed by a crown, a ribbon with the inscription "Tajik SSR" in Tajik and Russian. " ^[2]

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