Hephaestus ( dr. Greek Ἥφαιστος ) - in Greek mythology [1] the god of fire, the most skilled blacksmith , patron of the blacksmithing craft, inventions, the builder of all buildings on Olympus , the manufacturer of zippers of Zeus . Mycenaean texts are only mentioned allegedly: a-pa-i-ti-jo (Hephaestus?) [2] .
| Hephaestus | |
|---|---|
 Hephaestus | |
| God of fire and blacksmithing | |
| Mythology | Ancient greek |
| Floor | |
| Father | Zeus |
| Mother | Hera |
| Brothers and sisters | |
| Spouse | Aphrodite (according to Homer), Harita Aglaya (according to Hesiod) |
| Children | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and |
| In other cultures | Volcano |
Content
Myths
According to Homer, the son of Zeus and Hera . Brother of Apollo , Ares , Athena , Heba and Ilithia .
According to other myths, Hera conceived and gave birth to Hephaestus herself, without male involvement [3] , from her hip [4] , in revenge on Zeus for the birth of Athena . Also, the father of Hephaestus was sometimes considered Helios or, according to the Cretan myth, Talos .
When Hephaestus was born, he was a sick and frail child, moreover, lame on both legs. Hera, seeing her son, abandoned him and threw him off high Olympus. But the sea did not swallow the young god, but accepted him into his bosom [5] . The adopted mother of Hephaestus was the sea goddess Thetis [6] . Until his adulthood, Hephaestus lived at the bottom of the sea and was engaged in his favorite business: forged. Fine products came out of the forge of Hephaestus; they had no equal in beauty or strength. As if the pictured birds were flying, people really lived, and even the wind found life in the beautiful creations of Hephaestus.
Upon learning that he was the son of Zeus and Hera, and the crime of his mother, Hephaestus decided to take revenge. He created a chair (the golden throne), which had no equal in the world, and sent to Olympus as a gift for Hera. Hera was delighted, she had never seen such a magnificent work, but as soon as she sat in a chair, she was wrapped in previously unseen fetters, and she was confined to a chair [7] . None of the pantheon of the gods could not open the fetters of the chair, so Zeus was forced to send Hermes , the messenger of the gods, to order Hephaestus to free Hera. But Hephaestus refused. Then the gods sent Dionysus , the god of winemaking, to Hephaestus. Dionysus was able to water Hephaestus and deliver him to Olympus [8] . Being intoxicated, Hephaestus freed his mother.
Another combination of motifs is present in the first song of the Iliad: Hephaestus helped the bound Hera, for which Zeus was thrown from the sky and fell on Lemnos, injuring his legs, making him lame [9] .
Hera recognized her son and gave him the beautiful Hebe as his wife. Hephaestus was accepted into the host of the gods and continued to work as a blacksmith. All the buildings on Olympus were built by Hephaestus, and the father of Hephaestus Zeus instructed his son to make his own lightning bolts that didn’t miss .
When Hephaestus freed Hera, Zeus vowed to ask him everything, and he asked Athena for a wife (or it was an award for making the weapons of the gods [10] ), he pursued Athena [11] , Athena began to defend herself, and from the seed of Hephaestus, which he spilled on the earth, Erichtonius was born [12] .
Hephaestus was tired during the Phlegre battle with the giants, and he was given a place in the chariot of Helios [13] . It is associated with the myth of Orion [14] . Served a certain mortal husband [15] .
He was portrayed as powerful and broad-shouldered, but ugly and lame on both legs [16] . According to Homer , Hephaestus was the consort of Aphrodite , and according to Hesiod - the consort of Harita Aglaya.
Aegis
Aegis or aegis ( other Greek: αἰγίς , “storm, whirlwind”) - Zeus’s shield , according to some legends , made by Hephaestus from the skin of the mythical goat Amalthea ; it was believed that with this shield Zeus heaves formidable storms .
Epithets and identifications of Hephaestus
- Amfigey - “double-lame” or “double-jointed”. The epithet of Hephaestus [17] .
- Killopodion is "crooked-legged." The epithet of Hephaestus [18] .
- Kandaon ( Kandei ). The name of Hephaestus [19] . He gave Peleus the sword that he gave to Neoptolemus, and which Poliksen was stabbed to death.
In Roman mythology, the Greek Hephaestus corresponds to the Volcano .
When the gods fled to Egypt, Hephaestus turned into a bull [20] .
According to Greek philologists, whose opinion is quoted in Cotta's speech, there were four Hephaestos: [21]
- Born by Uranus , from him Athena gave birth to Apollo, the patron saint of Athens (according to John Leed, son of Uranus and Hemera [22] ).
- Born of the Nile, the Egyptians call it Fta .
- The son of Zeus the third and Hera, led the craft workshops in Lemnos.
- Son Memalia, lived on the Vulcan Islands near Sicily.
Hephaestus Family Relations
Beloved Ones:
- Apollo
- Aglaya (Harita) . Wife.
- Aphrodite . Wife.
Children:
- Alcon and Eurimedont (or 3 cabira). From Kabiro.
- Egyptian cabirs .
- Apollo . From Athena (version)
- Ardal .
- Eucles, Euthenius, Euphemius and Philofrosin. From Aglaya.
- Which and Kakiya.
- Kekul .
- Kerkion from Eleusis. (version)
- Deer .
- Palemonia .
- Sticks . (version)
- Periphete . From Antikley.
- Pili.
- Spinter.
- Talia (nymph from Sicily).
- Philott.
- Erichtonius . From the seed of Hephaestus spilling to the ground, that is, the son of Gaia .
Hephaestus's Environment
- Alcon . The son of Hephaestus and Kabiro, a member of the Indian campaign of Dionysus [23] .
- Eurymedont . The son of Hephaestus and Kabiro, a member of the Indian campaign [23] . Wounded by Morrey [24] . He competed in fist fight in the games of Ofelt [25] , in discus throw [26] .
- Cadmil . According to Akusilaus of Argos, the son of Kabiro and Hephaestus, the father of three Kabirs, from whom the nymphs-Kabirids descended [27] . In another reading, Camille [28] . Or Kasmil, a Samothrace deity identified with Hermes [29] .
- Kedalion .
- Peleus . According to the version, beloved.
Killed by him:
- Mimant (giant).
Honor
According to Plato , on the last day of Apaturia , anthem competitions were held in honor of Hephaestus - the lampadrome [30]
On every 28th year in every fourth year, Hephaestius, accompanied by a torchlight procession, held festivities in honor of Hephaestus [31] .
In literature and art
The 20th hymn of Homer and the LXVI Orphic hymn are dedicated to him. The protagonist of Aeschylus’s tragedy Chained Prometheus, the satire drama of Achaeus of Eretria, Hephaestus, a play by the unknown author Hephaestus. Epicharm comedy "Feasting, or Hephaestus."
Named After Hephaestus
- Minor Planet (2212) Hephaestus , discovered in 1978 by the Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Chernykh [32] .
- Protein hephaestin , involved in the metabolism of iron and copper.
- Gefest plates from Brestgazapparat .
- SVP-24 (sighting and navigation complex)
Notes
- ↑ Myths of the peoples of the world . - In 2 volumes - M., 1991–92. - T. 1. - S. 299-300.
Lubker F. The Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities . - In 3 volumes - M., 2001. - T. 2. - P. 104.
Pseudo-Apollodorus. Mythological library I 3, 5-6 further [ specify link (already 728 days) ] . - ↑ Subject-conceptual dictionary of the Greek language. Mycenaean period. - L., 1986. - S. 140.
- ↑ Hesiod. Theogony 927–929; fr. 343 M.-U.
- ↑ First Vatican mythograph II 74, 1.
- ↑ Homer. Iliad XVIII 395.
Pseudo-Apollodorus. Mythological library I 3, 5. [ specify the link (already 728 days) ] - ↑ Hymns of Homer II 141.
- ↑ Alkey , fr. 349 Lobel Page. [ specify the link (already 728 days) ]
- ↑ Pausanias. Description of Hellas I 20, 3; III 17, 3.
- ↑ Homer. Iliad I 590.
- ↑ Lactantium. Divine Establishments I 17, 12-13.
- ↑ Pausanias. Description of Hellas III 18, 13.
- ↑ Gigin. Myths 166.
- ↑ Apollonius of Rhodes. Argonautics III 232.
- ↑ Pseudo-Apollodorus. Mythological library I 4, 3. [ specify the link (already 728 days) ]
- ↑ Paniasid. Heracles, fr. 3 Bernabe = Clement. Protreptic 35, 3.
- ↑ Nonn. Acts of Dionysus IX 230, the same epithet of Homer, but Gnedich translates it as "lame-footed".
- ↑ Homer. Iliad XVIII 462; Odyssey VIII 300.
- ↑ Homer. Iliad XXI 331.
- ↑ Lycophron. Alexandra 329.
- ↑ Antonin Liberal. Metamorphoses 28, 3.
- ↑ Cicero. On the nature of the gods III 55.
- ↑ Losev A.F. , 1996 , S. 602.
- ↑ 1 2 Nonn. Acts of Dionysus XIV 22.
- ↑ Nonn. Acts of Dionysus XXX 44.
- ↑ Nonn. Acts of Dionysus XXXVII 509.
- ↑ Nonn. Acts of Dionysus XXXVII 686.
- ↑ Strabo. Geography IX 3, 21 (p. 472).
- ↑ Losev A.F. , 1996 , S. 292.
- ↑ Scholia to Apollonius of Rhodes. Argonautics I 917 // Notes by G. A. Taronyan in the book. Pliny the Elder. About art. - M., 1994 .-- S. 661.
- ↑ Latyshev, 1997 , p. 134.
- ↑ Klimishin, 1990 , p. 180.
- ↑ Schmadel, Lutz D. Dictionary of Minor Planet Names . - 5th. - New York: Springer Verlag, 2003 .-- P. 180. - ISBN 3540002383 .
Literature
- Losev A.F. Mythology of the Greeks and Romans. - M. , 1996.
- Losev A.F. Hephaestus // Myths of the World . T. 1. M., 1991, p. 299-300.
- Shirokov O.S. ΑCMŌN // Ancient Culture and Modern Science. M., 1985, p. 185-188.
- Klimishin I. A. Calendar and chronology. - Ed. 3. - M .: Nauka, 1990 .-- 478 p. - 105,000 copies. - ISBN 5-02-014354-5 .
- Latyshev V.V. Essay on Greek Antiquities. - Part 2. Liturgical and stage antiquities. - SPb. : Aletheia, 1997 .-- ISBN 5-89329-021-x .