Clermont-Ferrand ( Fr. Clermont-Ferrand [klɛʁ.mɔ̃ fe.ʁɑ̃] 
listen , ox. Clarmont d'Auvèrnhe ) - a city and commune in the south of central France , the prefecture (administrative center) of the department of Puy-de-Dome . The population of 139 thousand people ( 2008 ).
| City | |||||
| Clermont Ferrand | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| fr. Clermont-ferrand ox. Clarmont-ferrand | |||||
 | |||||
| |||||
| A country |  France | ||||
| Region | Auvergne - Rhone - Alps | ||||
| The Department | Puy-de-Dome | ||||
| Chapter | |||||
| History and Geography | |||||
| Square | 42.67 km² | ||||
| Center height | 358 m | ||||
| Timezone | UTC + 1 , in summer UTC + 2 | ||||
| Population | |||||
| Population | 139,006 [1] people ( 2008 ) | ||||
| Density | 3214 people / km² | ||||
| Agglomeration | 409,558 | ||||
| Digital identifiers | |||||
| Postal codes | 63000 | ||||
| ville-clermont-ferrand.fr (fr.) | |||||
Geography
The city is located in the Central Massif in the Liman Depression, at an altitude of about 410 m above sea level. In the vicinity there are many mountains ( Puy ridge), including extinct volcanoes . Near the city is the resort town of Roya ( fr. Royat ). Also next to Clermont-Ferrand is the Volcano Volcanology Park.
Climate
| Climate Clermont-Ferrand | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicator | Jan | Feb | March | Apr | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Absolute maximum, ° C | 19,4 | 23.5 | 26.6 | 30,0 | 31.6 | 34.9 | 40.7 | 39.5 | 36.8 | 29.0 | 24.1 | 21.3 | 40.7 |
| Average maximum, ° C | 6.9 | 8.9 | 11.8 | 14.8 | 18.7 | 22.5 | 25.6 | 24.9 | 22.4 | 17.3 | 11.0 | 7.3 | 16,0 |
| Average temperature, ° C | 3,1 | 4.6 | 6.8 | 9.5 | 13,2 | 16.7 | 19.3 | 18.8 | 16.3 | 12.1 | 6.8 | 3,5 | 10.9 |
| Average minimum ° C | −0.7 | 0.3 | 1.8 | 4.2 | 7.8 | 11.0 | 13.0 | 12.6 | 10.3 | 7.0 | 2.6 | −0.2 | 5.8 |
| Absolute minimum, ° C | −23.1 | −22 | −10.7 | −5.2 | −3.6 | 1,0 | 4.4 | 2,4 | −1 | −5.8 | −10.1 | −17.6 | −23.1 |
| Precipitation rate, mm | 29th | 27 | 29th | 45 | 91 | 67 | 47 | 73 | 57 | 51 | 36 | 33 | 585 |
| Source: Infoclimat | |||||||||||||
History
The capital of Auvergne before the arrival of the Romans was a major center of the land of the Gauls . The Greek historian Strabo mentions her as Nemes . The leader of the Gauls Vercingetorix is considered to be a native of these places; Bartoldi sculpted his statue in the central square. It is believed that somewhere in the vicinity of the city of Vercingetorix caused the Romans a sensitive defeat at Gergovia (for more details see Gergovia ).
The name Clermont or Clermont (Clarmontis; from Lat. Augustonemetum ) is found in the annals of the kingdom of the Franks under 761. His ruler in the early Middle Ages was a bishop . Clermont was the venue for two church cathedrals - in 535 and 1095; at the Second Clermont Cathedral, Pope Urban II called on his flock to go on a crusade .
The Counts of Auvergne tried unsuccessfully to take Clermont from the clergy and make the capital of their lands. Desperate to achieve the goal, they founded nearby a second city - Montferrand. For centuries, Montferrand rivaled Clermont, until he was finally relegated to the status of his suburb. The twin city was called "Clermont-Ferrand."
Economics
Transport junction (intersection of a number of roads and railways). There is an airport.
The headquarters of the world famous tire manufacturer Michelin is located in the city; There are a number of company enterprises in the city. There are also enterprises of machine-building, textile, printing, paper, chemical, food industries.
Transport
Clermont-Ferrand was the first French city to open an electric tram line : on January 27, 1888, entrepreneur Jean Claret received a construction concession from the Clermont-Ferrand City Hall. The line was safely launched on January 7, 1890 by Mayor Amede Gasquet - it was 4.5 kilometers long and ran between the Montferrand and Zhod quarters, after 4 months it was extended to Roy. By 1892, 2.5 million passengers were transported by the Clermont-Ferrand tram. Starting from the 1930s, the city's tram system gradually degraded until it was closed on March 14, 1956 [2] .
The resumption of the tram traffic took place on November 13, 2006, when an unusual transport system - translor - tram with tires was launched in the city.
Cultural Heritage
The oldest buildings, including Notre Dame Cathedral, are made of stone of local volcanic rock with a characteristic dark shade. The church of Notre-Dame-du-Port belongs to the earliest monuments of Auvergne Gothic . The history of the city can be traced in the halls of the Ranke Museum; several halls tell about the life of the most famous native of the city - Pascal . The local university was opened in 1810. Now more than 30,000 students are studying in Clermont-Ferrand, located in two universities (University of Auvergne and Blaise Pascal University ), a commercial higher school, and polytechnic institutes. At the philological faculty of the University. Blaise Pascal there is a well-known in France branch of Slavic studies and Russian studies. The library of this department stores more than 30,000 books, of which about 5% are in France only in this fund.
Since 1979, an international short film festival has been held annually in Clermont-Ferrand. He is called Cannes short film .
The street on which the city railway station is located is called "named after the Soviet Union."
Twin Cities
- Aberdeen ( English Aberdeen ), Scotland , Great Britain (since 1955 )
- Salford , England , UK
- Regensburg ( German: Regensburg ), Germany (since 1969 )
- Gomel ( Bel. Gomel ), Belarus
- Oviedo ( Spanish: Oviedo ), Spain
- North Queensland ( English North Queensland ), Australia
- Braga ( port. Braga ), Portugal
- Norman , Oklahoma , USA
- Oyem ( fr. Oyem ), Gabon
Notes
- ↑ Populations légales 2008 de la commune de Clermont-Ferrand (French) . Insee. Date of treatment June 17, 2011. Archived February 7, 2012.
- ↑ Jean-Paul Gondeau. En 1890, Jean Claret a mis en service à Clermont les premières motrices électriques de France (French) . La montagne (24 avril 2016). Date accessed August 19, 2017.