Boris Evgenievich Zakhaeva ( May 12 (24), 1896 , Pavlograd - November 12, 1976 , Moscow ) - Russian Soviet theater director , actor , teacher , theater expert, writer . People's Artist of the USSR ( 1967 ). Laureate of the Stalin Prize of the second degree ( 1952 ). Doctor of Arts ( 1964 ).
| Boris Evgenievich Zahava | |||||||||
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| Date of Birth | May 12 (24), 1896 | ||||||||
| Place of Birth | Pavlograd , Yekaterinoslav province Russian empire | ||||||||
| Date of death | November 12, 1976 (aged 80) | ||||||||
| Place of death | Moscow , USSR | ||||||||
| Citizenship |  Russian Empire →  the USSR | ||||||||
| Profession | actor , theater director , theater teacher , prose writer | ||||||||
| Theater | Theater named after E. B. Vakhtangova | ||||||||
| Awards |
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| IMDb | ID 0952294 | ||||||||
Content
Biography
Boris Zakhava was born in Pavlograd (now in the Dnipropetrovsk region of Ukraine ), in the family of a representative of the famous dynasty of Tula gunsmiths .
Parents were fond of the theater, participated in amateur performances, and Boris from childhood played in family concerts. At the end of the Pavlograd State Classical Gymnasium, he entered the cadet corps in Orel , in 1910 - in the 3rd Moscow Cadet Corps .
In his youth he participated in amateur performances, in particular, he played Napoleon in the play “God Is Not in Strength, but in Truth”. Having entered the Commercial Institute in 1913 (now the Russian Economic University named after G.V. Plekhanov ), he enrolled in a student theater studio (later Mansurovskaya named after the lane where it was located, then - E. B. Vakhtangova), whose artistic director was E. B. Vakhtangov , at that time an actor and director of the 1st studio of the Moscow Art Theater [1] . At first, the students failed; So the play “The Lanin Manor”, played on March 26, 1914, based on the play by B. Zaitsev , in which B. Zakhava played student Eugene, failed. On October 10 (23), 1914, systematic classes began under the leadership of E. Vakhtangov. Since that time, the name of B. Zahava was inextricably linked with the Theater. E. Vakhtangov and the theater school under him (now the Boris Schukin Theater Institute ).
In 1920, the Drama Studio of E. B. Vakhtangov was adopted into the "family" of the Art Theater under the name of the 3rd studio of the Moscow Art Theater . After the death of E. Vakhtangov, B. Zakhava was a member of the artistic council, chosen by the students to lead the theater. In 1923-1925, he simultaneously performed on the stage of the Vs. Meyerhold .
In 1924, Vl. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko appointed Yu. A. Zavadsky as the sole director, however, the students who fought for independence from the Moscow Art Theater did not make this decision and organized the “Art Asset”, a collective governing body of the theater, chaired by B. Zakhava [2] .
He began to work in directing under the guidance of E. Vakhtangov; in 1923 he carried out his first independent production - “ Truth is Good, but Happiness is Better ” by A. N. Ostrovsky , in which the influence of the Vakhtang Princess Turandot K. Gozzi was felt. In the future, many of his performances were important milestones in the history of the theater, including “Badgers” by L. M. Leonov (1927), “Aristocrats” by N. F. Pogodin (1935), and “Examiner” by N. V. Gogol (1939 ), “Young Guard” by A. A. Fadeev (1947). An event of theatrical life was his performance " Egor Bulychov and others " by M. Gorky , staged in 1932 [1] .
Since 1917, he was engaged in teaching activities - in the Vakhtangov studio (from 1933 - the B.V.Schukin Theater School ), in 1925 and until the end of his life - its head. He taught acting and directing, since 1939 - professor. In 1927-1930 he also led an Uzbek studio in Moscow, in 1932-1934 he taught at CETETIS (now the Russian Institute of Theater Arts - GITIS ), in 1937-1940 - at the Institute of Cinematography (now the All-Russian State Institute of Cinematography named after S. A. Gerasimov ), in 1944-1949 he headed the department of directing at GITIS [1] . Among his students V. Fedoseev [3] .
The author of books and articles on the theory of acting and directing, theater pedagogy.
Boris Zakhava died on November 12, 1976 [4] in Moscow (according to other sources - November 25 [5] ). He was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy cemetery (plot number 2) [6] .
Family
- The first wife is Maria Fyodorovna Nekrasova ( 1899 - 1983 ), actress, Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1946).
- Daughter - Ekaterina Borisovna Zakhava-Nekrasova (1929-2001), philologist, lecturer at the University of Peoples' Friendship .
- Daughter - Natalya Borisovna Zakhava-Nekrasova (b. 1935 ), director-teacher, theater expert.
- The second wife is Natalya Ivanovna Zakhava (1920-2004).
- Daughter - Tatyana Borisovna Zakhava (b. 1949 ), actress, Honored Artist of Russia .
Awards and titles
- People's Artist of the RSFSR (1946)
- People's Artist of the USSR ( 1967 )
- Stalin Prize ( 1952 ) - for staging the play "Egor Bulychov and Others" by M. Gorky
- Order of the Red Banner of Labor (05.29.1946)
- Order of Friendship of Peoples
- Order of the Badge of Honor
- Medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945."
- Medal “In memory of the 800th anniversary of Moscow”
- Doctor of Arts ( 1964 ).
Creativity
Theater Roles
- Studio E. Vakhtangov
- 1914 - “The Lanin Estate” by B. Zaitsev , director E. B. Vakhtangov - student Eugene
- 1918 - “The Flood” by G. Berger, director A. D. Wild - Charlie
- 1921 - “The Miracle of St. Anthony ” by M. Meterlink , stage director E. B. Vakhtangov, director Yu. A. Zavadsky - Doctor
- 1922 - “Princess Turandot” K. Gozzi , director E. B. Vakhtangov - Timur
- 1923 - “ Truth is good, but happiness is better ” by A. N. Ostrovsky - Groznov
- 1925 - “ Virinea ” by L. N. Seifullina - Fedot
- Theater named after Vs. Meyerhold
- 1924 - “Forest” by A. N. Ostrovsky; Director Sun E. Meyerhold - Vosmibratov
- 1925 - "D. E. ”M. Podgaetsky based on the novel by I. G. Ehrenburg ; Director Sun E. Meyerhold (together with V.F. Fedorov ) - Chairman of the French Parliament
- 1925 - “Teacher Bubus” A. M. Fayko , director Sun. E. Meyerhold - Van Kamperdaf
- Theater named after E. Vakhtangova
- 1926 - “ Zoykina Apartment ” by M. A. Bulgakov - Hallelujah
- 1927 - “Break” B. Lavrenyov , director A. D. Popov - sailor Mitrich
- 1928 - “On the Blood” by S. D. Mstislavsky - Zemstvo Shchekotov
- 1929 - “Conspiracy of feelings” by Yu. K. Olesha - Ivan Babichev
- 1932 - " Egor Bulychov and others " by M. Gorky - Vasily Dostigayev
- 1934 - "Human Comedy" by O. de Balzac - Graf de Granville
- 1937 - “Guilty Without Guilt” by A. N. Ostrovsky - Dudukin
- 1942 - “Oleko Dundich” by A. G. Rzheshevsky and M. A. Katz - Budyonny
- 1945 - The Great Sovereign of V. A. Solovyov - Vasily Shuisky
Theater Directing
- Theater named after E. Vakhtangova
- 1923 - “ Truth is good, but happiness is better ” by A. N. Ostrovsky (first independent performance)
- 1926 - "Badgers" based on the novel by L. M. Leonov
- 1930 - “Cunning and Love” by F. Schiller (jointly with P. G. Antokolsky and O. N. Basov )
- 1931 - “Putin” by Yu. L. Slezkin (jointly with I. M. Rapoport , artist N. P. Akimov )
- 1932 - “ Egor Bulychov and others ” by M. Gorky , with B.V. Schukin in the title role; resumed in 1951 with S. V. Lukyanov as Bulychov
- 1933 - “Dostigaev and others” by M. Gorky
- 1935 - "Aristocrats" N.F. Pogodin
- 1939 - The Examiner of N. V. Gogol
- 1939 - “The Path to Victory” by A. N. Tolstoy (jointly with R. N. Simonov and K. Ya. Mironov ); artist BC Basov
- 1940 - The Teacher by S. A. Gerasimov ; artist V.F. Ryndin
- 1944 - The Storm by A. N. Ostrovsky , artist V. V. Dmitriev
- 1944 - “A. P. Chekhov ”(evening dedicated to the 40th anniversary of the death of A. P. Chekhov ): 3.“ Anniversary ”(renewed production of E. B. Vakhtangov), artists P. M. Shukhmin , L. Petukhov
- 1945 - The Great Sovereign by V. A. Solovyov
- 1947 - “The Young Guard” based on the novel by A. A. Fadeev ; dramatization of G. Grakov
- 1949 - “The Fire River” by V. M. Kozhevnikov , artist V. F. Ryndin
- 1948 - “First Joys” based on the novel by K. A. Fedin
- 1951 - “Kirill Izvekov” by K. A. Fedin and E. E. Meskheteli, artist V. F. Ryndin
- 1953 - “Crayfish” by S. V. Mikhalkov , (shared with R. N. Simonov and I. V. Ilinsky ), artist B. E. Efimov
- 1953 - “Party candidate” A. A. Kron , artist V. F. Ryndin
- 1954 - The Seagull by A. P. Chekhov, artist G. N. Moseev
- 1956 - “Unusual duty” by E. Lutovsky , artists A. Vasiliev and V. Mazenko
- 1957 - “Hamlet” by W. Shakespeare (together with M. F. Astangov ); Hamlet - M.F. Astangov
- In other theaters
- 1933 - “ Egor Bulychov and Others ” by M. Gorky - Armenian Theater named after Sundukyan
- 1934 - “Dostigaev and Others” by M. Gorky - Sverdlovsk Drama Theater
- 1942 - “Invasion” by L. M. Leonov - Omsk Drama Theater
- 1952 - " Egor Bulychov and others " by M. Gorky - Armenian Theater named after Sundukyan
- 1960 - "The Seagull " by A. Chekhov - Kuibyshev Theater
- " Egor Bulychov and others " by M. Gorky - in Bulgaria
Filmography
Movie Roles
- 1936 - Bezhin meadow - father of Stepka
- 1965 - 1967 - War and Peace - Kutuzov
Director
- 1953 - Egor Bulychov and others (film-play) (shared with Yu. I. Solntseva )
- 1962 - Who is to blame? (film-play) (shared with L. S. Ishimbaeva )
Literary works
- Vakhtangov and his studio. - M., 1930.
- The skill of the actor and director. - M., 1969.
- Contemporaries. Vakhtangov. Meyerhold. - M., 1969.
Memory
- A memorial plaque was erected in Moscow at Bolshaya Nikolopeskovsky Lane , 12a (Higher Theater School named after B.V. Shchukin).
- In the director’s homeland, in Pavlograd, Dnipropetrovsk Region (Ukraine), the local drama theater bears the name of B. E. Zakhava.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 L.V. Zakhava, Boris Evgenievich // Theater Encyclopedia (edited by P.A. Markov). - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1961-1965. - T. 2 .
- ↑ Zakhava, Boris Evgenievich . Theater Institute. B. Schukin. Date of treatment May 28, 2012. Archived June 27, 2012.
- ↑ Vladimir Fedoseyev on the site “Culture of Saratov”
- ↑ Boris Zahava . Story. Actors Theater named after Evg. Vakhtanova. Date of treatment May 28, 2012. Archived June 27, 2012.
- ↑ Schukin MUSEUM THEATER - B.E. Zakhava
- ↑ Grave of B.E. Zakhava at the Novodevichy Cemetery
Links
- Zakhava Boris Evgenievich - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
- Boris Evgenievich Zahava / Boris Zahava
- Read the book "The skill of the actor and director" ,
- Read the book "The skill of the actor and director" ,
- Read the book "Actor and Director Skill"