Fortune Garcés Monk [1] ( Spanish: Fortún Garcés ) (c . 830–906 ) - King of Pamplona ( Navarre ) [2] (882–905). The eldest son of King Garcia I Iniges , the last representative of the Arist dynasty on the throne of Navarra.
| Fortune Garces | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spanish Fortún garcés | |||||||
| |||||||
| Predecessor | Garcia II Jimenez | ||||||
| Successor | Sancho I Garces | ||||||
| Birth | about 830 | ||||||
| Death | 906 | ||||||
| Burial place | |||||||
| Kind | Arista | ||||||
| Father | Garcia I Inigues | ||||||
| Mother | Oriya from Banu Kashi | ||||||
| Spouse | Oriya of Navarre | ||||||
| Children | sons: Inigo, Aznar, Velasco and Lope daughter: Oneka | ||||||
| Religion | Christianity | ||||||
Biography
In 860, during the capture of Pamplona by the army of the Emir of Cordoba Muhammad I , Fortune was captured and taken with his family to Cordoba . Here Fortune Garces was in the position of an honorary captive. His daughter, Oneka Fortunes , in 863 became the wife of the future emir Abdullah ibn Muhammad and gave birth to a son from him, Muhammad ibn Abdallah. It is assumed that in 870, while Fortun was still in captivity in Cordoba, the king of Pamplona Garcia I Iniges died (some historians assume that he lived until 882) and the king was the representative of the Jimenez dynasty , who ruled in Sangues ( "another part of the kingdom" , according to the " Code of Childbirth ") Garcia II Jimenez , who combined the control of all parts of the kingdom. Only in 880 Fortun Garces managed to free himself from captivity and return to Navarra. Together with him, his daughter Oneka returned to his homeland.
Arriving in Pamplona, Fortune Garces was appointed co-ruler by King Garcia II, taking control of one of the parts of the kingdom. In the battle of Aibar in 882 between the Navarra and the allied Muslim rebel Umar ibn Hafsun, on the one hand, and Emir of Cordoba, Muhammad I, on the other, Garcia II Jimenez [3] died and Fortune was proclaimed the new king of Pamplona. He appointed the son of the deceased king, Inigo II Garces , as his co-ruler, probably transferring to him the possessions of his father in Sangues. The whole period of their joint rule between the two Navarran rulers remained friendly relations.
From the reign of Fortune Garces, the first documents reached us, in which instead of the title “King of Pamplona” the title “King of Navarre” was used , however, the authenticity of these charters raises serious doubts. It is believed that the first reliable documents with a similar title relate to the reign of the successor to King Fortune.
In the first half of the reign of Fortune Garcés, Navarre was attacked several times by Muslims: including, in the summer of 888, the emir of Cordoba al-Munzir personally led the campaign to Pamplona. The rulers of the Christian states of the Iberian Peninsula and their Muslim allies, dissatisfied with the rule of the emirs of Cordoba, tried to coordinate their efforts to fight against common enemies: in 893, a meeting was held in Aragon , attended by King Fortune Garces, Count of Aragon Galindo II Asnares , Count of Galicia Alfonso, Duke of Gascony Garcia II Sanshe , Count of Paliarsa and Ribagorsa Ramon I , as well as the Tudela Muhammad I ibn Lubb from the Banu Kasi family [4] and the Huesca Muhammad al-Tawil who rebelled against the emir of Cordoba.
The reconciliation in 898 of the allies of Navarre, the Banu Kasi family, with the emir of Cordoba forced Fortune Garces to seek a closer alliance with the most powerful Christian state of the Iberian Peninsula at that time, the kingdom of Asturias . In 899 or 900, a meeting between the kings of Fortune and Alfonso III the Great took place on the border of the two states, at which, according to asturian historical chronicles, the king of Navarre recognized himself as a vassal of the king of Asturias. In 900, the combined Asturian-Navarr army, led by both kings, invaded the possession of Muslims, but near the city of Tudela suffered a crushing defeat from the head of Banu Kasi Lubba II ibn Muhammad . Over the next four years, Lubb ibn Muhammad made several successful campaigns against Christians. Particularly devastating were his attacks on Navarre. They forced King Fortune to reconcile with the Cordoba emirate and form an alliance with Banu Kasi. However, this alarmed the Christian neighbors of Navarre, who for many years waged war on Muslims. A coalition was formed of opponents of Fortune Garces, which included one of the members of the Jimenez family - Sancho Garces , king of Asturias Alfonso III the Great and Count of Paliarsa and Ribagorsa Ramon I. The allies attacked Pamplona in 905 and killed the son of King Inigo II - Garcia Iniges in Lieden , overthrew the kings of Fortune Garcés and Iñigo II Garcés and enthroned Sancho I Garcés . Fortune was imprisoned in the monastery of San Salvador de Leire , where he died the following year.
King Fortune Garces, according to the main source on the early history of Navarre, the “Code of Childbirth”, was married from about 845 to Oria (Aurei), whose parents are not known exactly (it is possible that she was from the Banu Kasi family). Children from this marriage were:
- Oneka Fortunes (born ca. 850 years) - 1st marriage (863-880): Emir of Cordoba Abdallah ibn Muhammad (died in 912); 2nd marriage (from 880): Larrauna lord Aznar Sanchez
- Inigo Fortunes (died after 905) - married to Sanche, daughter of King Pamplona Garcia II Jimenez
- Aznar Fortunes
- Velasco (Blasco) Fortunes
- Lope Fortunes - representatives of the noble Spanish clan Zúñiga built their origin to him.
Notes
- ↑ Also known by the nickname One-Eyed , Cordoba, and Humiliated
- ↑ In documents of the 9th - beginning of the 10th centuries, the rulers of the Basque state used the title “count (or king) of Pamplona” , after the destruction of Pamplona by the Moors in 924 and the transfer of the capital to Nahera, “the king of Nahera and Pamplona” . The title "King of Navarre" , first mentioned in the charters of King Sancho I Garces , began to be used only after the accession to the throne of kings from the Champagne dynasty (XIII century). However, in Russian-language historical literature, the title "King of Navarre" is customary to use in relation to all the monarchs of this state.
- ↑ According to other sources, it was King Garcia I Iniges.
- ↑ In the meeting document, he is called "Muhammad of Valtierra ."
Literature
- Korsunsky A.R. History of Spain IX-XIII centuries. - M .: Publishing house "Higher School", 1976. - 239 p.
- Altamira i Crevea R. History of medieval Spain. - SPb. : Publishing house "Eurasia", 2003. - 608 p. - ISBN 58071-0128-6 .
- García Prado. El Reino de Nájera // Historia de La Rioja. Edad Media - Logroño: Edita Caja Rioja, 1983 .-- T. II.
Links
- Navarra . Date of treatment January 15, 2012. Archived February 22, 2012.
- Navarre, kings . Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. Date of treatment January 15, 2012. Archived on February 13, 2012.
- Fortun Garces (German) . Genealogie Mittelalter. Date of treatment January 15, 2012. Archived March 15, 2012.