Duke of Albany

The title of Duke of Albany was first created on April 28, 1398 by the King of Scotland, Robert III Stuart, for his younger brother, Robert Stuart (c. 1340-1420). From 1406 to 1420, Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany, was Regent of Scotland. He was succeeded in 1420 by his eldest son, Murdoch Stewart (1362-1425). He served as regent of Scotland in the years 1420-1424. In 1425, Murdoch Stewart was arrested and executed, and his titles and possessions confiscated.

For the second time, the title of Duke of Albany was revived in 1458 for Alexander Stuart (1454-1485), the second son of the Scottish king James II Stuart and Maria Geldern . In 1483, Alexander was expelled from Scotland by his older brother, King James III Stuart , and his titles and possessions were confiscated. His son, John Stewart (1481-1536), returned to Scotland in 1515 and became the 2nd Duke of Albany. From 1515 to 1524, John Stewart was the regent of Scotland under the young king James IV . In 1536, after the death of childless John Stewart, 2nd Duke of Albany, the ducal title was returned to the Scottish crown.

In April 1541, Prince Arthur, the second son of the King of Scotland, James V. Stuart, who was born the duke of Albany, died in the same month.

On July 20, 1565, the ducal title was renewed by Queen Mary Stuart for her husband Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley (1545-1567). Together with the ducal title, he received the titles of Count Ross and Lord Ardmannoch. After his death in Kirk-o'Fild, the titles of the Duke of Albany and Earl of Ross passed to his only son, Jacob Stuart (1566-1625), who in 1567 became king of Scotland under the name of Jacob VI.

On December 23, 1600, the King of Scotland, Jacob VI Stuart, granted the title of Duke of Albany to his second son, Prince Carl Stuart (1600-1649). He also received the titles of Marquis Ormond, Earl of Ross and Lord Ardmannoch (1600-1625), Duke of York (1605), Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothsey. In 1625, after the death of Jacob I, his son Charles I became king of England, Scotland and Ireland, and the title of Duke of Albany returned to the crown.

On December 31, 1660, Prince Jacob Stuart (1633-1701), the second son of King Charles I Stuart and the younger brother of King Charles II, received the title of Duke of Albany. He also bore the titles of the Duke of York and Earl of Ulster. In 1685, after the death of his older brother Charles II, Jacob Stuart, Duke of York and Albany, became the new king of England, Scotland and Ireland.

The cities of New York and Albany in the state of New York ( USA ) were named after Jacob Stewart, Duke of York and Albany.

The contender for the English and Scottish thrones, Carl Edward Stewart (1720-1788), grandson of Jacob II , granted the title of Duchess of Albany to his illegitimate daughter, Charlotte Stewart (1753-1789), who died childless.

The titles of the Duke of York and Albany were worn by three British princes from the Hanover dynasty.

For the fifth time, the title of Duke of Albany was revived in the United Kingdom peer system on May 24, 1881 for Prince Leopold (1853-1884), the fourth son of Queen Victoria of Great Britain. In 1884, he was succeeded by his only son, Carl Edward, the 2nd Duke of Albany (1884-1954), who in 1900-1918 was the last reigning duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.

According to the adopted by the British Parliament in 1917 during the First World War and issued on the basis of it on March 28, 1919, the Privy Council order the last bearer of this title, Carl (Charles) Eduard , was deprived of it among other British peers or princes, "who, during the ongoing war, served in the army against His Majesty or His Allies, or occupied the side of the enemies of His Majesty." In accordance with the said law, his heirs were left the right to appeal to the king with a request for the return of the title, but so far none of them have made such an appeal. Thus, to date, the title of the Duke of Albany remains "frozen."

Other titles (1st Duke): Earl Fife (1371), Earl Buchan (1374–1406), Earl Atoll (1403–1406)

• Robert Stewart, 1st Duke of Albany (c. 1340 - September 3, 1420), third son of King of Scotland Robert II Stuart and Elizabeth Moore

Other titles (2nd Duke): Earl of Mentate (before 1189), Earl of Fife (1371), Earl of Buchan (1374)

• Murdoch Stewart, 2nd Duke of Albany (1362 - May 24, 1425), the eldest son of Robert Stuart, 1st Duke of Albany. In 1425, he was arrested and executed, and his titles and possessions confiscated.

Other titles (1st Duke): Earl March (1455), Earl Mar and Earl Garioch (1482)

• Alexander Stuart, 1st Duke of Albany (1454 - August 7, 1485), second son of King of Scotland Jacob II Stuart. Leader of the Scottish Baron movement against King James III . In 1479, Alexander Stuart was stripped of his title and forced to emigrate. In 1482, the Duke of Albany returned to Scotland and restored his position, but in 1483 he was forced to flee to England, and his possessions and titles were confiscated.

Other titles (2nd Duke): Earl March (1455)

• John Stewart, 2nd Duke of Albany (1481 - July 2, 1536), the only legitimate son of the 1st Duke of Albany, in 1515 he was restored to the title of Duke of Albany and Earl of March. Regent of Scotland during the minority period of King James V.

Other titles (1st Duke): Earl Ross and Lord Ardmannoch (1565)

• Henry Stuart (December 7, 1545 - February 10, 1567), the eldest son of Matthew Stuart, 4th Earl of Lennox (1516-1571), and Margarita Douglas . Consort King of Scotland and Queen Mary Stuart's Second Husband (1565-1567).

Other titles (1st Duke): Earl Ross and Lord Ardmannoch (1565), as well as Duke Rothsey (1398)

• Jacob Stewart (June 19, 1566 - March 27, 1625), the only son of the Queen of Scotland, Mary Stuart and Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley. The king of Scotland under the name of James VI (1567-1625), the king of England and Ireland under the name of Jacob I (1603-1625).

Other titles: Marquis Ormond, Earl of Ross and Lord Ardmannoch (1600-1625), Duke of York (16105-1625), Prince of Wales (1616), Duke of Cornwall (1337) and Duke of Rothsey (1398)

• Karl Stewart (November 19, 1600 - January 30, 1649), the second son of the King of Scotland and England, James I Stuart. Since 1625 - King of England, Scotland and Ireland under the name of Charles I.

Other titles: Duke of York (1633/1644) and Earl of Ulster (1659)

• Jacob Stuart (October 14, 1633 - September 16, 1701), the second son of King Charles I of England and the younger brother of King Charles II of England. From 1685 to 1688 - the king of England, Scotland and Ireland under the name of James II.

Other titles: Earl Clarence and Baron Arklow (1881)

• Prince Leopold, 1st Duke of Albany (April 7, 1853 - March 28, 1884), the youngest son of Queen Victoria of Great Britain and her husband, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.

Other titles: Earl Clarence and Baron Arklow (1881)

• Prince Charles Edward, 2nd Duke of Albany (July 19, 1884 - March 6, 1954), the only son of the latter and Princess Elena Waldeck of Pyrmont . The grandson of Queen Victoria, in 1900-1918, the reigning duke of the German state of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha , was deprived of British titles in 1917-1919 for participating in the war on the side of Germany.

• Duke of York and Albany

• Leigh Rayment′s Peerage Pages
• Albany, Duke of (UK, 1881-1919) bei Cracroft′s Peerage