Teitelbaum, Yoel

Rabbi Yoel was born into a family of Sighet tzaddiks , who have their pedigree from the Rabbi Moishe Teitelboim, who originally settled in Uichel or Sátoraljaújhely in Hungary. His father was Reb Hanania Yom Tov, a Rebbe from Sighet. At 16, he received the title of rabbi from 8 representatives of the rabbinical court. Rebbe Yoel was the youngest son, and therefore after the death of his father did not take his place. On September 8, 1905, he settled in Satmar , where he founded his own tiny Hasidic court, and they began to call him the "Rebbe from Satmar." In 1911, he became rabbi of the city of Irshava in Transcarpathia ; during the First World War recalled to Satmarneti. In 1925 he was elected rabbi of the city of Carei , in 1928 Satmar ( Satu Mare ) in Transylvania , Romania . His election caused a massive conflict in the city, and he moved there only in 1934. R. Yoel quickly became widely known in Satmar and throughout Transylvania. Many went to him with questions about Halacha , his Askam (in this case, the rabbinical recommendation was tried by almost all authors of new books on Halacha and other topics on Judaism . Only after the verification of R. Joel did the communities agree to approve the new rabbi. During this period, the broad R. Joel’s controversy against Zionism , in which he saw a danger to the fulfillment of the Torah commandments, but his views were not as extreme as those of the Rabbi from Munkach ( Mukachevo ). There is widespread polemic between the two largest Hasidic rabbis. Ami of that period.

Rebbe Yoel did not urge his followers to leave Europe before the war and many of his communities died in Auschwitz . At the beginning of the war he was evacuated to Klausenburg ( Cluj-Napoca ), but there he was overtaken by the Gestapo and imprisoned in a ghetto . In 1944, r. Yoel, along with a group of his Hasidim, was rescued by the Zionist Kastner train to Switzerland . In 1945, he repatriated to Palestine , where he was recognized as the leader of the ultra-orthodox, anti-Zionist community ( Ed Hared ). It was difficult for R. Yoel, with his anti-Zionist views, to find himself in the Land of Israel , and he chose to emigrate to the United States and recreate his community in New York , in the Queens - Williamsburg areas, where many Transylvania refugees from different directions of Hasidism settled, who constantly called for R. Yoel lead them.

Thanks to the efforts of the river. Yoël quickly created a new community with its educational institutions. The community was called Satmar Hasidism, and soon became the largest Hasidic community in the world. A few years later, the Williamsburg area was too close to accommodate all the Satmar Hasidim, and p. Yoel created a new community near Monroe in New York State, Orange County, named Kiryas Yoel . Today, the population of the city community is over 10 thousand inhabitants.

Rebbe Yoel passed away in 1979 in New York. His prominent role in modern Jewish history has been noted by prominent rabbis, including the head of the Yeshiva Ponevez, Rabbi Eliezer Shah .

After his death, his place was taken by his nephew r. Moshe Teitelboim.

Anti-Zionism

Rav Yoel believed that the attempt to create a Jewish state before the advent of the Messiah (messiah) is a serious violation of the Torah. On the basis of the treatise Ketubot 110A-111B in the Babylonian Talmud: Gd swore three oaths to the Jewish people and other peoples. First: do not try to climb the wall by force (that is, do not create your own state before the arrival of Mashiach ). Second: do not rebel against nations. Third: the nations of the world will not enslave the Jews too much. Therefore, Jews cannot forcefully try to return to themselves Eretz-Israel , but only with the consent of the peoples of the world, Jews cannot rebel against the existing non-Jewish authority. Therefore, the ways in which the state of Israel was created are not in agreement, and the state of Israel is wrong.

Zionists seduced Jews to break three oaths and create a Jewish state before the Messiah came ... It was because of the Zionists that killed six million Jews ^[1]

Hebrew Revival

Rav Yoel believed that Hebrew is a holy language that Jews have not used in everyday life since they were expelled from their country , and this should remain so. Yiddish should be used as the language of everyday communication. Satmar Hasidim follow the views of their teacher very tightly, and Yiddish reigns in all their communities.

The Place of the Jewish Community in the Modern World

Most Jews no longer live in places where the bulk of the Jews and non-Jews live separately and have little contact with Jews. Modern Jews live in large numbers in large cities and are much more likely to come into contact with non-Jews and are more susceptible to the influence of the modern world. Rav Yoel believed that if the conditions for self-isolation were not created, Jews would lose their spiritual appearance, their culture, and their identity. Self-isolation therefore should be the toughest.

In accordance with these principles p. Yoel created communities in New York, London, Antwerp and elsewhere. According to the rest of the inhabitants of these megacities, there is a feeling that the spirit of the Eastern European “ shtetl ” was transferred there in all its greatness.

Halakha

Rav Yoel believed that one should adhere to the principle of “Hadash asur minx ha-Torah” - “innovations are forbidden by the Torah” (literally, we are talking about eating bread of a new crop before the Passover holiday), in other words, all old customs and principles as they should be preserved there is.

Despite the difference in views between the river. Yoel and other Hasidic leaders had mostly good relations, including with the Lubavitcher Rebbe . However, shortly before his death and after her, the followers of r. Yoel often engaged in skirmishes and even clashes with violence with the Lubavitcher Hasidim (as well as the Hasidim of other communities) ^{[2] [3] [4]} . The Hasidic world was divided into 2 camps - supporters of the river. Yoel and his ideas, and his opponents, although many remained in the middle. It is known about the friendship between p. Yoel and Hazon Ishem , as well as a rabbi from Brest p. Yitzhak Zeev Nightingale . He spoke highly of the river. Yoele and r. Yitzhak Gutner is the largest Jewish leader in the United States. To the representatives of orthodox modernism p. Yoel was extremely negative, sometimes even ignoring their rabbinical knowledge and respect in the community.

• "Vioel Moishe . " Yoel Teitelbaum, 1958 (Hebrew)
• "Divrey Yoel." Yoel Teitelbaum (Hebrew)
• "The Rebbe from Satmar." Abraham Fuchs - 1980, Jerusalem (Hebrew)

• Teitelbaum, Family - article from the Electronic Jewish Encyclopedia
• Rav Yoel Teitelbaum - The Satmarer Rebbe
• Yalkut Hishbati Eschem, rebbi Joel Teitelbaum