All-Russian Institute of Plant Industry named after N. I. Vavilov

The institute had the following names:

• 1894 - Bureau of Applied Botany of the Scientific Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture and State Property
• 1917 - Department of Applied Botany of the Agricultural Scientific Committee
• 1922 - Department of Applied Botany and Breeding, State Institute of Experimental Agronomy
• 1924 - All-Union Institute of Applied Botany and New Cultures (VIPBiNK),
• 1930 - All-Union Plant Research Institute (VNIIR)
• 1992 - All-Russian Institute of Plant Production
• 2015 - Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Research Center All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources N.I. Vavilova

Since 1967, the Institute has been named after Academician N.I. Vavilov , Director of the Institute from 1921 to 1940.

Both buildings with symmetrical neo-Renaissance facades were built in 1844 - 1853 according to the project of architect N. E. Efimov . House No. 4 was called the house of the Ministry of State Property , and No. 13 was called the Minister of State Property.

Institute

June 16, 1925 SNK of the USSR approved the "Regulations on the Institute of Applied Botany and New Cultures." The Institute’s Council included N. P. Gorbunov (chairman), N. I. Vavilov (director), two deputy directors - V. V. Talanov and V. E. Pisarev , as well as representatives of the People’s Commissariats for Agriculture of the Union Republics and Trade Unions ^{[1 ]} . Academician N.I. Vavilov remained the permanent head of the institute until August 1940 , when he was repressed.

Under him, as part of many expeditions to the USSR and foreign countries organized during this period, the base of the herbarium was collected. Now the institute has a unique collection of over 200,000 samples of cultivated and wild plants.

The blockade of Leningrad

The All-Union Institute of Plant Production possessed and still has a gigantic seed fund. Of the entire breeding fund of the Leningrad Institute, which contained several tons of unique crops, not a single grain was touched, not a single grain of rice or potato tuber. According to reports ^[2] , from 13 to 28 employees of the institute died of starvation , but did not touch the seed fund ^{[3] [4]} .

Perspectives

It is planned to build a complex of the institute with a useful area of ​​about 30,000 m², which will include both the premises of the institute and housing for employees. The cost of construction and the price of relocation are estimated at a total of $ 100-120 million. However, the method and sources of financing have not yet been agreed. ^[five]

The director denied information about the Institute’s urgent move to Pushkin :

Information about the upcoming eviction of the institute and the threat of the death of the collection, to put it mildly, is unreliable ^[5]

- Nikolai Dzyubenko, June 2008

Directly within the institute there are departments of genetic plant resources: wheat; oats, rye, barley; legumes; cereal crops; feed crops; oilseeds and spinning crops; potatoes; vegetable and gourds; fruit crops. In addition, there are methodological departments and laboratories specializing in various fields of biological research: agrobotany and in-situ conservation; biotechnology; biochemistry and molecular biology; genetics; foreign relations; information and technical support of geological exploration; physiology of plant resistance; long-term storage laboratory; Laboratory of Molecular and Environmental Genetics; Plant Genetic Erosion Monitoring Laboratory; introduction group; agrometeorology group ^[6] . In addition, the institute has a herbarium ^[7] and a scientific library.

The structure of the institute includes 9 experimental stations (organizationally independent organizations): Astrakhan, Dagestan (not far from Derbent ), Far East (not far from Vladivostok ), Yekaterininsky (25 km from Michurinsk ), Crimean experimental selection station (not far from Krymsk) ), Kuban, Maikop, Moscow branch, Pavlovskaya (in the Pavlovsky and Pushkin districts of St. Petersburg along the Katlin road ), ^[8] Polyarnaya, Volgograd ( Krasnoslobodsk ), Zeya experimental selection station ^[9] .

• 1921-1940 - Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov
• 1940—1951 - Johann Gansovich Eichfeld
• 1951—1961 - Pyotr Mikhailovich Zhukovsky
• 1961-1965 - Ivan Alexandrovich Sizov
• 1966-1978 - Dmitry Danilovich Brezhnev
• 1979-1987 - Vladimir Filimonovich Dorofeev
• ...
• 1990-2005 - Victor Alexandrovich Dragavtsev
• 2005—2018 - Nikolai Ivanovich Dzyubenko
• since 2018 (acting director) - Elena Konstantinovna Khlestkina

• Abolin, Robert Ivanovich - geobotanist and soil scientist .
• Alderov, Albert Abdullaevich - geneticist , Honored Scientist of the Republic of Dagestan, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor.
• Artsybashev, Dmitry Dmitrievich - Deputy N. I. Vavilova for science, professor, created the Meshcherskaya experimental station as a stronghold of the All-Union Institute of Applied Botany in the Lipetsk Region.
• Bukasov, Sergei Mikhailovich - botanist, specialist in selection and systematics of potatoes, academician of the Agricultural Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
• Wulf, Evgeny Vladimirovich - botanist , florist and biogeographer , specialist in the field of historical geography of plants .
• Zhukovsky, Pyotr Mikhailovich - botanist, academician of the Agricultural Academy of Agricultural Sciences , in 1951-1962 - director of VIR.
• Karpechenko, Georgy Dmitrievich - a geneticist known for his work in the field of distant hybridization .
• Konarev, Vasily Grigoryevich - Academician of the Agricultural Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1978) and the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Molecular Biology.
• Krasovskaya, Irina Vladimirovna - Soviet scientist, Doctor of Biological Sciences, translator, botanist, plant physiologist
• Merezhko, Anatoly Fedorovich - Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor.
• Maksimov, Nikolai Alexandrovich — physiologist, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences .
• Pangalo, Konstantin Ivanovich - nerd.
• Petrov, Mikhail Platonovich - botanical geographer and physical geographer.
• Popov, Mikhail Grigoryevich - nerd .
• Regel, Robert Eduardovich - a nerd, a specialist in barley.
• Rozanova, Maria Alexandrovna - nerd.
• Selyaninov, Georgy Timofeevich - climatologist , founder of the school of agro- and microclimatologists .
• Fedchenko, Boris Alekseevich - nerd.
• Hrebtov, Aristokliy Alexandrovich - nerd, plant grower.
• Eichfeld, Johann Gansovich - breeder.
• Yuzepchuk, Sergey Vasilievich - nerd, specialist in potatoes.
• Yanushevich, Zoya Vasilievna - a botanist, one of the pioneers of Soviet paleobotany .

• The Vavilov plant collection, rescued by scientists during the war and the siege of Leningrad, is threatened by greedy officials // Wikinews. May 18, 2010

• Thor Hanson The triumph of seeds. How seeds conquered the plant world and impact on human civilization = Thor Hanson The Triumph of Seeds: How Grains, Nuts, Kernels, Pulses, and Pips. - M .: Alpina Publisher, 2018 .-- 374 p. - ISBN 978-5-91671-809-6 .

• Plant-growing Institute // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978. Retrieved January 22, 2009
• The official website of VIR them. N. I. Vavilova
• Theoretical Foundations. T. III. - Gene pool and selection of leguminous crops. - SPb .: VIR, 1995 .-- 440 p.
• Genetic Resources of Leguminous Plants in the NI Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry
• V. Levanovsky. Finish Hitler’s case: the Vavilov collection is in danger of destruction // Skepsis