Cape Colony ( Dutch Kaapkolonie from Kaap de Goede Hoop - Cape of Good Hope , also English Cape Colony ) - the first Dutch resettlement colony in South Africa with its center in Kapstad , then English possession (the city was renamed Cape Town ). It was founded by a Dutch sailor named Jan van Riebeck in 1652 in a convenient Canteen Bay near Cape of Good Hope under the leadership of the Dutch East India Company . The Cape Colony proved to be the most successful resettlement project of all the Dutch colonies and the most successful European resettlement project on the African continent. The Dutch , as well as the Germans and French Huguenots who joined them, formed a new white nation in Africa - Afrikaners (also Boers ) numbering about 3 million people. Based on the Dutch language , their new language has developed here - Afrikaans . In 1806, at the height of the Napoleonic Wars, the colony was captured by Great Britain . Since that time, the number of people from the British Isles has gradually increased in the Cape Colony.
| UK colony | |||||
| Cape Colony | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| africa. Kaapkolonie English Cape colony niderl. Kaapkolonie | |||||
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| Anthem : | |||||
 Cape colony in 1878 | |||||
←  ←   →1795 - 1910 | |||||
| Capital | Cape town | ||||
| Largest cities | Cape town | ||||
| Languages) | Afrikaans , English , Dutch | ||||
| Form of government | a constitutional monarchy | ||||
| Dynasty | Hanover Saxe-Coburg-Gotha | ||||
| Official language | , and | ||||
Content
- 1 Timeline of the Dutch regime
- 2 British control
- 3 The path to independence
- 4 Colonial section of Africa
- 5 notes
- 6 Literature
Chronology of the Dutch regime
- 1652 - foundation of the Cape Colony.
- 1657 - the beginning of a large-scale resettlement campaign of white farmers from Europe and slaves (suppliers of slaves: West Africa , Asia , Indonesia , Ceylon, Madagascar ).
- 1691 - Simon van der Stel appointed first governor of the Cape Colony.
- 1700 - the Dutch controlled the vicinity of the cape within a radius of 50–70 km from the city of Kapstad. Numerous farms grow grain , grapes , vegetables .
- 1713 - As a result of the smallpox epidemic, thousands of Hottentots died, others fled.
- 1730 - the natives are driven back to the deepest areas, the white radius increased to 400 km.
- 1779 - 1781 - the first border ( "Kafra" ) war. The confrontation between the colonists and the people of the braid began .
- 1795 - 1803 - the colony was occupied by Great Britain, since the Netherlands themselves were occupied by France [1] .
British control
In the years 1795-1803, the Cape Colony was captured by Great Britain, as it sought to prevent the strengthening of France at the expense of Dutch resources, since France occupied the Netherlands . In 1803 - 1806, the Dutch authorities regained control of Cap, as it was an important link in the Dutch maritime trade and colonization of the East Indies (now Indonesia ). Realizing the extraordinary strategic importance of the region during the first occupation, the British are striving to get it again. In 1806, the Cape Colony was again captured by Great Britain under the pretext of the beginning of Napoleon’s French aggression. The Congress of Vienna in 1814 transferred the British colonies to “eternal use”. Finally, the transition of the Cape Colony to British rule was enshrined in the London Anglo-Dutch Convention of 1814 .
After that, the Netherlands could not recover from the loss and turned into a second-rate colonial power, dependent on the UK and the USA. Protesting against British rule, in 1835-1845, about 15 thousand Afrikaners left the Cape Colony during the migration to the southeast coast and to the central regions of South Africa, called the Great Track . There they founded their own states: the Orange Free State and the Republic of South Africa ( Transvaal ) [2] .
The Path to Independence
In 1872, instead of the government appointed by the governor, the colony acquired the right to form its own responsible government . The first prime minister was John Molteno . Since that time, the path to the political independence of the colony began.
Africa Colonial Section
The territory of the colony was constantly expanding due to the lands of Africans: Bushmen, Hottentots, Bantu peoples. As a result of a number of conquest wars of the Boer and English colonialists (" Kafra Wars "), the eastern border of the Cape colony reached p. 1894 . Umtamvuna . In 1895, the southern part of the land of Tswana , annexed in 1884 - 1885, was included in the colony. No less bloody were the conflicts of Europeans among themselves: as a result of the Boer War of 1899-1902. Boer republics lost their independence. To suppress the resistance of Afrikaners, the British for the first time in history created concentration camps . In 1890, the British harshly presented Portugal with an ultimatum , which put an end to the Portuguese dreams of creating a second Brazil in Africa - a wide strip of transcontinental holdings to unite Angola and Mozambique into a single empire (See Pink Card ). With the creation in 1910 of the dominion of South African Union ( South African Union ) (since 1961 - South African Republic ), the Cape colony became part of it. In 1994, the huge Cape Province was divided into three new provinces: the North Cape Province , the Western Cape Province and the Eastern Cape .
Notes
- ↑ Cape Colony - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
- ↑ Cape Colony // Small Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 4 volumes - St. Petersburg. 1907-1909.
Literature
- Meredith, Martin. Diamonds, Gold and War: The Making of South Africa . - Simon & Schuster, 2007. - ISBN 978-0-7432-8614-5 .
- Worden, Nigel. Slavery in Dutch South Africa. - 2010. - Cambridge University Press. - ISBN 978-0521152662 .