Dubrovinsky, Joseph Fedorovich

Born in the family of a tenant merchant. While studying at the Kursk real school since 1893 , he participated in the circles of Narodnaya Volya , later became a Marxist . In 1895, the family moved to Orel, where Joseph began to study in the 6th (additional) class of the Alexander Real School, which he failed to finish because of his participation in revolutionary activities. In 1896 , Mr .. led the Social Democratic organization of Kaluga . He became one of the leaders of the Moscow "Workers' Union", but in December 1897 he was arrested and, in November 1898 , sent into exile for 4 years.

Having contracted tuberculosis , in 1902 he was transferred to Astrakhan . He established contact with Iskra and became its active correspondent. After the 2nd Congress of the RSDLP ( 1903 ), at which a split occurred between the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks , he joined the Bolsheviks and was co-opted to the Central Committee of the RSDLP . He moved to Samara in July 1903 , where he headed the local Social Democratic organization. In 1904 - 05 he was looking for ways to unite with the Mensheviks. In February 1905 he was arrested. In prison, he writes a declaration of support for Lenin . Having been released in October, he continued party work in Moscow , was a member of the MK RSDLP.

In November of the same year he went to Petersburg , participated in the revolutionary performance of the sailors of Kronstadt . Returning to Moscow, he became one of the leaders of the December armed uprising . In the summer of 1906 he prepared the Moscow Regional Party Conference. In September, he was arrested at a party meeting in St. Petersburg. After leaving prison in February 1907 , he participated in the preparation of the Vth Congress of the RSDLP . In March of the same year, at a meeting devoted to the election of delegates to the 5th Party Congress, he was again arrested. Dubrovinsky’s link was replaced by going abroad.

At the Vth Congress of the RSDLP in London (1907) he was elected a member of the Central Committee and a member of the Bolshevik Center . Illegally returned to Petersburg, where he restored the destroyed party organizations. In November 1908 he was arrested and exiled to Vologda , and then to Solvychegodsk , from where he fled abroad to Paris . He was a member of the newspaper Proletarian . At a meeting of the plenum of the Central Committee of the RSDLP ( 1910 ), he insisted on reconciliation with the Mensheviks. In the spring of the same year he went to Russia to work in the Russian Bureau of the Central Committee and in the Moscow organization. In June, he was betrayed by the provocateur Malinovsky . Arrested and sent to 4 years in Turukhansk region . Tragically died on May 20, 1913, drowning in the Yenisei. His body was found only a month later and was buried near the village of Miroedikhino by political exiles. By decision of the Party Central Committee, money was collected for the monument and sent to Krasnoyarsk. In June 1916, by the decision of the Krasnoyarsk Party Organization, the body was transported to Krasnoyarsk and buried in the city cemetery ^[2] . V. Nabokov in the story "The Extermination of Tyrants" connects a similar death of a revolutionary with Stalin .

Stalin praised the revolutionary achievements of Dubrovinsky:

I’m far from claiming to be fully acquainted with all the organizers and builders of our party, but I must say that of all the extraordinary organizers I know, I know - after Lenin - only two that our party can and should be proud of: I. F. Dubrovinsky, who died in the Turukhansk exile, and Y. M. Sverdlov , who burned down during the construction of the party and state

- "Proletarian Revolution", No. 11 (34), November 1924

In Orel in honor of I. Dubrovinsky named one of the embankments of the Oka River. There are also Dubrovinsky streets in Kursk , Astrakhan , Yaransk , Pokrovsky .

Cinema

• “ Comrade Innocent ” ( Lenfilm , 1981 ) - Sergey Martynov

Fiction

• Sartakov S. V. And you burn, star!
• Verbin S. In memory of Comrade D. // Noon. XXI century , No. 9, 2011.

• Prokofiev V.A. Dubrovinsky . M .: Young Guard, 1969. - (The life of wonderful people ). (or - here )
• Lenin V.I. Soch., 4th ed. (see fact sheet, part 2, p. 200).
• Zelikson-Bobrovskaya Ts. Comrade Innokenty . - L .: Surf, 1925.
• Zinoviev G. Blessed memory of Joseph Fedorovich Dubrovinsky (Innocent) // Trudovaya Pravda, No. 14, July 28, 1913.
• Rozhkov N. In memory of I.F. Dubrovinsky // Historical and Revolutionary Bulletin, No. 1 (4), 1922.
• Andreev V. Comrade Innokenty. - L., 1934.
• Kreer A. Joseph Dubrovinsky (Innocent). - M., 1962.
• Trifonov Yu. Reflection of the fire . - M., 1967.
• Bykonya G.F. Ilyich's Companion // Krasnoyarsk Worker, 1989. June 15.

• Joseph and Jacob Dubrovinsky