Sere (city, Greece)

Sere
	City
Sere
	Greek Σέρραι
	Flag
A country	;
Status	Community and peripheral administrative center
Periphery	Central macedonia
Peripheral unit	Sere
Community	Sere
Dimarch	Petros Angelidis
History and Geography
Area	96,475 km²
Center height	53 m
Timezone	and
Population
Population	58 287 people ( 2011 )
Nationalities	Greeks
Denominations	Orthodox
Digital identifiers
Telephone code	+30 23210
Postcode

Sere ^[3] ^[4] , Serre ^[5] , Serra ^[5] ( Greek Σέρραι ^[2] ή Σέρρες ) is a city in Greece . Located at an altitude of 53 meters above sea level ^[1] , in the eastern part of the Strimon Valley ( Struma ), 345 kilometers north of Athens and 71 kilometers northeast of Thessaloniki . The administrative center of the eponymous community and the eponymous peripheral unit in the periphery of Central Macedonia . The population of 58,287 residents according to the 2011 census ^[2] .

The economic and industrial center of the peripheral unit. The city has developed the tobacco and textile industries ^[5] . Largest city after Kavala east of Thessaloniki. A city with significant history and monuments. It is the spiritual and administrative center of the Serrey Metropolis of the Orthodox Church of Constantinople . The Serrean Metropolis is the titular diocese of the Catholic Church ^[6] .

Through the city passes the national road 12 Thessaloniki - Drama , west of the motorway 25 , part of the European route E79 .

Content

1 History
2 Attractions
3 Culture
4 Community Sere
5 population
6 Twin Cities
7 Notes

History

Statue of Emanuel Pappas in Sulfur

The foundation of the city dates back to the XII century BC. e. , by the time of the migration of peons , tevcras and dardans from Asia Minor to northern Greece ^[7] ^[8] . It is first mentioned by Herodotus as Siris of Peonica ( Greek Σίρις η Παιονική ) ^[9] . The Thracian tribe, the inhabitants of the city of Herodotus, calls the Syriopeons ^[10] ^[11] .

In the II century it became part of the Roman Empire ^[5] . In the II or III century it became the center of the diocese, then the archdiocese and the metropolis (between 1022 and 1035 ^[5] ), to which the Zikhni and Melenik subordinated dioceses. In the Byzantine period, Emperor Nicephorus I rebuilt and strengthened the city in 803, since then the city had a large garrison and served as a fortress against the invasion of the Slavs. In 990, Emperor Vasily II the Bulgarian Carrier strengthened the city and used it as a center of the war against the Bulgarians, which ended in 1014 with a victory in the Battle of Cladeion . In 1195/96, it was plundered by the Bulgarians ^[5] . It was captured by the crusaders in 1204 . Entered the kingdom of Epirus ^[5] . In 1206, it was captured and destroyed by the Bulgarian king Kaloyan . In 1221, it was captured by the Epirus king Theodore Komnin Duka . In 1246–61, the empire was part of the Nicene Empire , then byzantium ^[5] . It reached its peak at the beginning of the 14th century. During the civil war, he resisted the besieging forces of Emperor John Kantakuzin and Stephen Dushan . Captured in 1345 during the reign of Stephen Dusan, who proclaimed himself king of the Serbs and Greeks . In 1366–1371, the city was in the possession of King Vukashin Mrnyavchevich . Since 1371 - as part of Byzantium ^[5] . In 1371, the despot Thessaloniki Manuel II Paleolog rebuilds and strengthens the city and fortress against the invasion of the Ottoman Turks . September 19, 1383 the city was captured by the Ottomans under the leadership of Eurenos and looted ^[5] ^[12] .

In 1385, Sultan Murad I built the "Old Mosque" ( tour. Eski cami ) ^[13] . In the XVI century, the city was visited by the French traveler Pierre Belon . Ismail Bey fortified the city against Ali Pasha Tepelensky . In 1807, the possessions of the local ruler covered the region from Shtip in the west, Sofia and Philippopolis in the north, Komotini in the east and to the mountains on the border of the Serrey plain in the south. At that time, 25,000-30,000 inhabitants lived in the city, including 15,000 Turks; cotton, wheat and tobacco were grown on the Serra Plain. There was a large market in the city, which traded goods from the remote provinces of the Ottoman Empire .

A native of Sere was the hero of the Greek Revolution of 1821, Emanuel Pappas , leader of the uprising on the Halkidiki Peninsula. In 1814, Pappas had a conflict with Yusuf Bey, the new ruler, and Pappas was forced to flee to Constantinople . There Pappas joined the Filiki Etheria . In 1821, Pappas began to operate on Mount Athos ; he was supported by several residents of Sere, including Nikolaos Kasomoulis . In the years 1872-1904, the activity of the Bulgarians intensified, armed resistance was provided by local Greeks, including Paschalis Tsiangas . On October 24 ( November 6 ), 1912, the city was occupied during the First Balkan War, taken by the Bulgarian army and burned on June 28 ( July 10 ) 1913 , the day before the liberation of June 29 ( July 11 ) 1913 during the Second Balkan War by the Greek army under the command of Constantine I ^[5] . In 1916, during the First World War, the city was again occupied by the Bulgarians and liberated in 1918 by the forces of the Allies .

Attractions

The Byzantine monastery of Agios Eioros-Kryoneritis

The Byzantine Temple of Agios Nikolaos , first half of the 14th century

Ethnographic Museum of the Karakachans in sulfur

The Byzantine Basilica of Aija Theodori XI century

The ruins of ancient buildings, Byzantine fortifications testify to the continued existence of a settlement in the area of the Sersk fortress . Fragments of ceramics of various periods were found. On the southern slope of the hill of the fortress is a Roman cemetery. Vases, tombstones and other archaeological finds are stored in the Serian Archaeological Museum . The Byzantine city for the most part has not been preserved, but churches and walls testify to the existence of an important city. The city walls have not been preserved, only in the western part of the city during excavation sites were found. The walls of the fortress are preserved, in some areas to a considerable height and with many towers. The most famous tower is the western "Oresta Tower", whose height was 20 meters. Orestes ( Ὀρέστης ) was a historical figure and, according to two inscriptions on bricks on the western side, built a tower in 1350 by order of King Stephen Dusan. Three other towers in the northern part of the fortress were built under Manuel II Paleolog. The rest of the fortress was later built and was repeatedly rebuilt.

The Byzantine temple of Agios Nikolaos preserved in the fortress (St. Nicholas) of the first half of the XIV century, with three one-nave rooms under a dome and a crypt . Excavations were made in 1926, murals and decorations were found, in 1937 the temple was restored ^[14] ^[15] .

In the center of the city, the large Aiyi-Theodori Basilica restored in the name of Theodore Tyrone and Theodore Stratelates of the 11th century. The basilica was rebuilt in 1430 and 1725, in 1913 it burned down in a fire and was later restored ^[16] ^[17] .

Outside the city is the monastery of Agios Eioros-Kryoneritis , which is subordinate to the monastery of St. John the Baptist and consists of two small churches: one-nave with the dome of Agios Dimitrios of the XIII century and three-nave with the dome of Agios Eioros of the XIV century.

Of the Turkish monuments, the Mehmed Bey Mosque preserved XV century ^[18] ^[19] , the Zincirli mosque ^[20] ^[21] and Bezesten , a large covered market with six domes, one of two surviving childless houses in Greece (second in Thessaloniki) ^[22] .

Sersky is a childless , now the Serian Archaeological Museum

Mehmed Bey Mosque XV century

Zincirli Mosque

Orestes Tower in Sulfur

Nom Sere Administration Building

The city has an Ethnographic Museum of Karakachans ^[23] .

Culture

Sere is a city in which the Greek puff cake of the boogac was especially popular. In June 2008, the First Bugats festival was held in the city, and in June 2009 the Second ^[24] ^[25] ^[26] was planned.

Sere Community

In 1918 ( ΦΕΚ 248Α ), the community of Sere ^{[27] was created} . The community includes five settlements. The population of 59,376 inhabitants according to the 2011 census ^[2] . An area of 96.475 square kilometers ^[1] .

Locality	Population (2011) ^[2] , people
Agios Ioannis	723
Kato Metohion	197
Crinos	31
Xiropotos	138
Sere	58,287

Population

Year	Population
1991	51 640 ^[28]
2001	55 996 ^[28]
2011	↗ 58 287 ^[2]

Twin Cities

Blagoevgrad , Bulgaria
Veliko Tarnovo , Bulgaria
Petrich , Bulgaria

Notes

↑ ¹ ² ³ ⁴ Απογραφή πληθυσμού - κατοικιών της 18ης μαρτίου 2001 (μόνιμος πληθυσμός) (Greek) . - Πειραιάς: Εθνική στατιστική υπηρεσία της Ελλάδας , 2009. - Τ. I. - Σ. 407 . - ISSN 1106-5761 .
↑ ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ Πίνακας αποτελεσμάτων Μόνιμου Πληθυσμού-Απογραφής 2011 (Greek) . Ελληνική Στατιστική Αρχή (20 Μαρτίου 2014). Date of treatment October 22, 2017.
↑ Cera // Dictionary of geographical names of foreign countries / ed. ed. A.M. Komkov . - 3rd ed., Revised. and add. - M .: Nedra , 1986. - S. 310—354.
↑ Greece: Reference card: Scale 1: 1,000,000 / hl ed. Y. A. Topchiyan ; Ed .: G. A. Skachkova , N. N. Ryumin . - M .: Roskartografiya, Omsk Cartographic Factory , 2001. - (The countries of the world "Europe"). - 2000 copies.
↑ ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ ⁸ ⁹ ¹⁰ ¹¹ Serres // Soviet Historical Encyclopedia : in 16 vol. / Ed. E. M. Zhukova . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1969. - T. 12: Reparations - Slavs. - 972 stb.
↑ Pétridès, Sophron. Serrae // Catholic Encyclopedia . - New York: The Encyclopedia Press, 1913. - Vol. 13.
↑ Herodotus . Story. V 13
↑ Herodotus . Story. VII, 20
↑ Herodotus . Story. VIII, 115
↑ Herodotus . Story. V, 15
↑ Siris // The Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities / ed. F. Lubker ; Edited by members of the Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy F. Gelbke , L. Georgievsky , F. Zelinsky , V. Kansky , M. Kutorgi and P. Nikitin . - SPb. , 1885. - S. 1257-1258.
↑ Σταυρούλα Δαδάκη. Βυζαντινή Ακρόπολη Σερρών. Ιστορικό (Greek) . Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού και Αθλητισμού (2012). Date of treatment June 27, 2018.
↑ Όταν πρόσφυγες φιλοξενούνταν στο Εσκί ή Αττίκ Τζαμί των Σερρών (Greek) . Ανεξάρτητος (26 Αυγούστου 2016). Date of treatment June 21, 2018.
↑ Ηπειρώτη Παναγιώτη. Αγ. Νικόλαος (Greek) . New York University Stern School of Business. Date of treatment June 25, 2018.
↑ Εκκλησία Αγίου Νικολάου (Greek) . Δήμος Σερρών (20 Μαΐου 2016). Date of treatment June 25, 2018.
↑ Εκκλησία Αγίων Θεοδώρων (Greek) . Δήμος Σερρών (20 Μαΐου 2016). Date of treatment June 25, 2018.
↑ Σταυρούλα Δαδάκη. Ναός Παλαιάς Μητρόπολης Σερρών. Περιγραφή (Greek) . Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού και Αθλητισμού (2012). Date of treatment June 27, 2018.
↑ Τζαμί Αχμέτ Πασά (Greek) . Δήμος Σερρών (20 Μαΐου 2016). Date of treatment June 25, 2018.
↑ Σταυρούλα Δαδάκη. Τέμενος Μεχμέτ Μπέη, Σέρρες. Περιγραφή (Greek) . Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού και Αθλητισμού (2012). Date of treatment June 27, 2018.
↑ Τζαμί Ζιντζιρλί (Greek) . Δήμος Σερρών (20 Μαΐου 2016). Date of treatment June 25, 2018.
↑ Σταυρούλα Δαδάκη. Ζινζιρλί Tζαμί. Περιγραφή (Greek) . Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού και Αθλητισμού (2012). Date of treatment June 25, 2018.
↑ Μπεζεστένι (Greek) . Δήμος Σερρών (20 Μαΐου 2016). Date of treatment June 25, 2018.
↑ Β. Τσαούσης. Λαογραφικό Μουσείο Σαρακατσάνων. Περιγραφή (Greek) . Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού και Αθλητισμού (2012). Date of treatment November 9, 2018.
↑ Giant Bugaz
↑ A giant booger hit the Guinness Book of Records (Neopr.) (Inaccessible link - history ) .
↑ Serres will host the First Bugats Festival (unopened) (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment March 10, 2009. Archived October 27, 2017.
↑ Διοικητικές μεταβολές δήμων και κοινοτήτων. Δ. Σερρών (Σερρών) (Greek) . ΕΕΤΑΑ. Date of treatment June 19, 2018.
↑ ¹ ² Μόνιμος και Πραγματικός Πληθυσμός της Ελλάδος. Σύνολο Ελλάδος, νομοί, δήμοι / κοινότητες, δημοτικα / κοινοτικά διαμερίσμα και οικισμοί. Απογραφές πληθυσμού 2001 και 1991 (Greek) (unavailable link) . Ελληνική Στατιστική Αρχή . Date of treatment June 22, 2017. Archived July 16, 2006.

[pl-1] ¹ ² ³ ⁴ Απογραφή πληθυσμού - κατοικιών της 18ης μαρτίου 2001 (μόνιμος πληθυσμός) (Greek) . - Πειραιάς: Εθνική στατιστική υπηρεσία της Ελλάδας , 2009. - Τ. I. - Σ. 407 . - ISSN 1106-5761 .

[stat-2] ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ Πίνακας αποτελεσμάτων Μόνιμου Πληθυσμού-Απογραφής 2011 (Greek) . Ελληνική Στατιστική Αρχή (20 Μαρτίου 2014). Date of treatment October 22, 2017.

[3] Cera // Dictionary of geographical names of foreign countries / ed. ed. A.M. Komkov . - 3rd ed., Revised. and add. - M .: Nedra , 1986. - S. 310—354.

[name-4] Greece: Reference card: Scale 1: 1,000,000 / hl ed. Y. A. Topchiyan ; Ed .: G. A. Skachkova , N. N. Ryumin . - M .: Roskartografiya, Omsk Cartographic Factory , 2001. - (The countries of the world "Europe"). - 2000 copies.

[enc-5] ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ ⁸ ⁹ ¹⁰ ¹¹ Serres // Soviet Historical Encyclopedia : in 16 vol. / Ed. E. M. Zhukova . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1969. - T. 12: Reparations - Slavs. - 972 stb.

[6] Pétridès, Sophron. Serrae // Catholic Encyclopedia . - New York: The Encyclopedia Press, 1913. - Vol. 13.

[7] Herodotus . Story. V 13

[8] Herodotus . Story. VII, 20

[9] Herodotus . Story. VIII, 115

[10] Herodotus . Story. V, 15

[11] Siris // The Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities / ed. F. Lubker ; Edited by members of the Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy F. Gelbke , L. Georgievsky , F. Zelinsky , V. Kansky , M. Kutorgi and P. Nikitin . - SPb. , 1885. - S. 1257-1258.

[12] Σταυρούλα Δαδάκη. Βυζαντινή Ακρόπολη Σερρών. Ιστορικό (Greek) . Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού και Αθλητισμού (2012). Date of treatment June 27, 2018.

[13] Όταν πρόσφυγες φιλοξενούνταν στο Εσκί ή Αττίκ Τζαμί των Σερρών (Greek) . Ανεξάρτητος (26 Αυγούστου 2016). Date of treatment June 21, 2018.

[14] Ηπειρώτη Παναγιώτη. Αγ. Νικόλαος (Greek) . New York University Stern School of Business. Date of treatment June 25, 2018.

[15] Εκκλησία Αγίου Νικολάου (Greek) . Δήμος Σερρών (20 Μαΐου 2016). Date of treatment June 25, 2018.

[16] Εκκλησία Αγίων Θεοδώρων (Greek) . Δήμος Σερρών (20 Μαΐου 2016). Date of treatment June 25, 2018.

[17] Σταυρούλα Δαδάκη. Ναός Παλαιάς Μητρόπολης Σερρών. Περιγραφή (Greek) . Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού και Αθλητισμού (2012). Date of treatment June 27, 2018.

[18] Τζαμί Αχμέτ Πασά (Greek) . Δήμος Σερρών (20 Μαΐου 2016). Date of treatment June 25, 2018.

[19] Σταυρούλα Δαδάκη. Τέμενος Μεχμέτ Μπέη, Σέρρες. Περιγραφή (Greek) . Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού και Αθλητισμού (2012). Date of treatment June 27, 2018.

[20] Τζαμί Ζιντζιρλί (Greek) . Δήμος Σερρών (20 Μαΐου 2016). Date of treatment June 25, 2018.

[21] Σταυρούλα Δαδάκη. Ζινζιρλί Tζαμί. Περιγραφή (Greek) . Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού και Αθλητισμού (2012). Date of treatment June 25, 2018.

[22] Μπεζεστένι (Greek) . Δήμος Σερρών (20 Μαΐου 2016). Date of treatment June 25, 2018.

[23] Β. Τσαούσης. Λαογραφικό Μουσείο Σαρακατσάνων. Περιγραφή (Greek) . Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού και Αθλητισμού (2012). Date of treatment November 9, 2018.

[Гигантская-1-24] Giant Bugaz

[Гигантская-2-25] A giant booger hit the Guinness Book of Records (Neopr.) (Inaccessible link - history ) .

[greek:ru-26] Serres will host the First Bugats Festival (unopened) (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment March 10, 2009. Archived October 27, 2017.

[27] Διοικητικές μεταβολές δήμων και κοινοτήτων. Δ. Σερρών (Σερρών) (Greek) . ΕΕΤΑΑ. Date of treatment June 19, 2018.

[s1-28] ¹ ² Μόνιμος και Πραγματικός Πληθυσμός της Ελλάδος. Σύνολο Ελλάδος, νομοί, δήμοι / κοινότητες, δημοτικα / κοινοτικά διαμερίσμα και οικισμοί. Απογραφές πληθυσμού 2001 και 1991 (Greek) (unavailable link) . Ελληνική Στατιστική Αρχή . Date of treatment June 22, 2017. Archived July 16, 2006.