Habibullah Kalakani , also Habibullah bachai-i zakao ( January 19, 1890 / 1891 - November 2, 1929 ) - the emir who usurped power in Afghanistan in 1929.
| Habibulla Kalakani | |||||||
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| Persian. بیبالله کلکانی | |||||||
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| Coronation | January 17, 1929 | ||||||
| Predecessor | Inayatulla Khan | ||||||
| Successor | Mohammed Nadir Shah | ||||||
| Birth | January 19, 1891 Kalakan , Kabul Vilayat , Emirate Afghanistan | ||||||
| Death | November 1, 1929 (38 years) Kabul , Kingdom of Afghanistan | ||||||
| Father | Aminulla Calakani | ||||||
| Religion | and | ||||||
Content
Young years
Khabibulla was born on January 19, 1890 or 1891 [1] in the village of Kalakan, north of Kabul , in the family of a water carrier, a Tajik [2] by nationality. Because of this father, they called him Sakao, and Habibullah was nicknamed Bacha-i Sakao (that is, the son of the water-carrier). As a child, Habibulla was given to the local mullah to teach, but because of his rebelliousness and directness of character, he was soon expelled from the madrasa and remained illiterate for the rest of his life. Until 1919, he worked in the garden of Husainkost, which belonged to the then Minister of Finance Hussein Khan. In 1920, Habibulla went to the army in conscription, after serving two years. Then, for some time, he fought against the Soviet regime in Central Asia in one of the Enmas-Pasha basmachi detachments. In 1924, Habibulla was again drafted into the army for reserve service. Then he participated in the suppression of the rebellion in the Southern Province and was awarded the Order of Hedmat for excellent service.
In the same year he left his unit with a weapon and from that time began to be considered a deserter. This story is very dark and unclear. According to one of the stories, Habibullah shot some famous gangster, for whose head the government promised 6,000 rupees. However, the head of the Kabul Kotvali (the city’s security headquarters), to whom he turned for money, wanting to appropriate this amount, threw Habibulla into prison and announced that the killing of the gangster was the merit of his people. Soon Habibulla managed to escape from prison, and from that time he had to hide.
Rise against Amanullah Khan
In 1928, King of Afghanistan Amanullah Khan returned from a trip to Europe (including the USSR), bringing with him a whole range of social and cultural changes for the people of Afghanistan. In particular, the entire population of Afghanistan pledged to wear European clothing. At the same time, photographs of Queen Soraya Tarzi without a chador and in a European dress appeared. This met with sharp rejection among the Afghans, and the Pashtun tribes called for the expulsion of Amanullah Khan and his wife from Afghanistan. The uprising against Amanullah Khan seized the province of Laghman , and Habibulla found himself in its very center, uniting the Tajiks and Gilzai . Over the head of Habibulla was awarded an award equivalent to $ 10,000. Khabibulla at the head of the rebels launched an offensive on Kabul from the north, the uprising covered the whole country, and the forces of the rebels began to approach Kabul and from the south.
On January 14, 1929, Amanullah Khan was forced to hand over power to his brother Inayatulle Khan and flee. A few days later, on January 17, Inayatullah Khan surrendered Kabul to the insurgents without much bloodshed, and Habibullah was proclaimed emir [3] . However, the civil war did not end there. Amanullah Khan, who fled to the south of the country, continued the struggle for the throne, which in April of the same year was formed in the territory and with the support of the USSR, a detachment led by General Nabi Khan invaded Afghanistan . Only on May 22, Amanullah Khan, having suffered defeat, fled to India , sending a telegram to Nabi Khan with the order to also stop the resistance and leave the country.
At the head of state
By his first decree, Habibulla abolished European clothes and closed all schools for women. During his short reign, Habibulla proved himself to be a consistent fighter against the Western way of life. He cleared his residence from everything European, in particular, from flowers planted in the western manner.
Fall and Death
Habibullah’s position as the leader of the victorious uprising was precarious.
In September 1929, Nadir Shah came out against him, who was supported by the Pashtun tribes of eastern Afghanistan, and the British provided him with weapons and military advisers.
The poorly trained and unorganized army of Khabibuly could not provide sufficient resistance, and already on October 13, 1929, Nadir Shah occupied Kabul. On the same day, Habibullah’s entire inner circle was arrested, including his two brothers.
Habibulla himself hid in the city for three days and, finally, on October 16 he fled from Kabul, tried to escape along mountain trails to Persia , but a local resident, hired by Habibullah as a conductor, betrayed him. The former emir was captured and shot along with his brothers and 10 other former rebel leaders on the night of November 1 to 2, 1929. The burial place of the bodies is unknown [4] .
Notes
- ↑ Historical Dictionary of Afghanistan - Ludwig W. Adamec - Google Books
- ↑ Adamec, Ludwig W. Historical Dictionary of Afghanistan . - Scarecrow Press, 2011. - p. 183. - ISBN 0-8108-7957-3 .
- ↑ name = afghan-web1> Habibullah Kalakani Neopr . Afghanistan Online . Archived March 14, 2012.
- ↑ Habibullah Kalakani Neopr . Afghanland.com . Archived March 14, 2012.
Literature
- All the monarchs of the world. Muslim East. XV — XX centuries. - M .: Veche, 2004. - 544 p.
- 100 great monarchs / K. V. Ryzhov - Moscow: Veche, 2008. - 480 p.
- Kamoludin Abdullaev History in faces. Bachai Sako - the exile from Khorasan
- Faiz Muhammad. Book of mentions of insurrection. M .: Science, 1988.
- Naby, Eden, Magnus, Ralph H. Afghanistan. Mullah, Marx, and Mujahid. Colorado & Oxford: Westview Press, 2002
- Macmunn, George, Afghanistan from Darius to Amanullah, London: G. Bell & Sons LTD, 1929