Petrovsky passage

Construction, pre-revolutionary period

The idea of ​​building a passage on Petrovka belonged to Vera Ivanovna Firsanova ^{[1] [2]} , the successor to the famous Moscow merchant dynasty of the Firsanovs, the owner of 23 houses in Moscow, the estate of Serednikovo ^[3] and Sandunovsky baths on Neglinnaya Street. Since 1872, ownership in the quarter between Petrovka and Neglinnaya was attributed to her father, Ivan Grigorievich ^[4] .

For the construction of the Passage, V. I. Firsanova sold two solid plots of land in the capital with the houses she owned and received a large sum, by which the construction of the new passage shop began. The construction of the passage was entrusted in 1903 to architects S. M. Kalugin and B. V. Freidenberg , who had previously designed a complex of Sandunov baths for V. I. Firsanova. The passage was planned so that the trading floors were not isolated from each other, and the internal space was unified. The construction of the ceilings over the malls was carried out according to the project and under the technical guidance of the famous Russian engineer V. G. Shukhov , who used wide semi-cylindrical glass arches to close the store. The total costs for the construction of the Passage amounted to more than 1.5 million rubles.

The construction of the Passage lasted three years, and its opening took place on February 20 (February 7, according to the old style) in 1906 . The Firsanovsky passage gathered over fifty different trade pavilions under its arches, including the shops of famous trading houses: Markushevich and Grigoryev. Silk and Woolen Fabrics ”,“ Vikula Morozov, Konshin and Sons ”- the supplier of the Imperial Court,“ Veselkov and Tashin - fashionable materials for ladies' dresses ”, O. Zubbert and Co.,“ Louis Kreutzer - linen and ties ”,“ Matilda Barish - corsets and umbrellas ”, associations of confectionery factories“ Renome ”,“ Sweets and candy. Apricots and sons ”and many others.

In 1907, the first Russian store of the French company Gomon , which sold film and photo products, opened in Passage, and in 1910 a restaurant and coffee Bristol began to operate in the basement.

In the dark, the complex shone with lights (the lighting was already electric, the power station was in the baths owned by V. I. Firsanova) ^[5] .

Petrovsky passage during the years of Soviet rule

In 1918, the Firsanovsky passage was nationalized, and soon all the shops were evicted from the building, many rooms were plywood blocked, and a permanent industrial exhibition of the Supreme Economic Council, a cinema ^[6] , and a factory for sewing linen for Red Army. The passage from Firsanovsky was renamed to Petrovsky (by the name of the street on which it is located). In 1921, a bas-relief was mounted in the wall of the passage on Petrovka Street - the figure "Worker" by sculptor M. Manizer . It is noteworthy that the bas-relief is currently an independent monument of cultural heritage ^[7] .

Trade returned to Passage only in 1928 , but not to the whole, but only to the first floor ^[8] . On the second line of the passage is the Scientific and Research Plant for the Experimental Construction and Operation of Airships - the Airship, where the first Soviet airships were designed, and in which from 1931 to 1936 the famous Italian designer Umberto Nobile worked on a contract ^[6] . The auction hall was also located in the Petrovsky Passage, described in the work of Ilya Ilf and Evgeny Petrov “ Twelve Chairs ”

In those same years, the building housed the institution of a new proletarian culture - the “MUNI Club” with a hall for 620 seats, the State Bank Club, the Police Club ^[9] .

During the Great Patriotic War, Muscovites from the houses destroyed by the bombing were settled on the third floor of the Petrovsky Passage. So in the building there was a huge communal apartment .

In this form, the Petrovsky passage stood until the early 1960s, when it became a branch of the Moscow Central Department Store and trade began to boil again. In 1963, in the Petrovsky passage, the newly formed trade school No. 3 was located, which trained personnel for the Central Department Store ^{[10] [11]} .

Petrovsky passage today

The Petrovsky passage was one of the first Moscow department stores reconstructed by world standards. The reconstruction of the building in 1988 - 1990 was carried out by the famous Turkish construction company Enka . The opening ceremony of the reconstructed Petrovsky passage was consecrated by Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Alexy II . Subsequently, tenants largely violated the planning structure and decoration of the Passage, in particular, closed most of the important cross-links between the lines ^[12] .

Following the privatization of the Passage, several foreign and Russian companies (Brunswick UBS Warburg, Reiter Investments Limited, ABN AMRO Bank, and Tradeinvest CJSC) became its shareholders, as well as top managers of the enterprise ^[13] . Later, the raiding company Rosbuilding, headed by S. Gordeev , bought up the store’s shares in the interests of the BIN group of companies, which by September 2006 had become the main shareholder of Petrovsky Passage OJSC ^[14] . Bosco di Ciliegi rents 100% ^{[15] of the} retail space, including Moschino, La Perla, Paul Smith, Jil Sander, Ermanno Scervino and many others. The entire facade of the Petrovsky Passage from Neglinnaya Street is occupied by the Articoli Salon beauty salon, Bosco pharmacy and BoscoClinica dental clinic. Between the two lines of the Petrovsky passage from the Neglinnaya street is the restaurant L'Altro Bosco.

According to Kommersant newspaper, ^{[16] the} structures of the BIN group of Mikhail Gutseriev can be transferred to the management of Bosco di Ciliegi by Mikhail Kusnirovich, two famous shopping centers - Smolensky and Petrovsky Passages. The parties have been negotiating about this for more than a year. Capital retail real estate brokers believe that a management agreement can only be a “package” of a transaction for the sale of centers.

Lines of the poet Vladimir Mayakovsky about the passage of Peter:

Throwing sunflowers with delight to husk,

enthusiastically raising the eyebrows,

the employee reads:

“Ready-made blouses.

The last cry of Petrovka

• Hero of the Soviet Union Ivan Medvedev was in the Petrovsky passage in the 1950s the head of the department. In the late 1950s, he was sentenced to 10 years for embezzlement, after which he was deprived of all ranks and awards.

• Main Department Store
• Sandunovsky baths
• San Galli Passage
• Passage of Solodovnikov
• Passage of Popov

• Vladimir G. Shukhov
• Proceedings and days of the engineer V. G. Shukhov
• Petrovsky passage
• Moscow passages - yesterday, today, tomorrow

• "AT. G. Shukhov (1853-1939). The art of construction. ” , Rainer Grefe, Ottmar Perchi, F.V. Shukhov, M. M. Gappoev et al., 192 pp., Mir, Moscow, 1994.
• Shukhova E.M. Vladimir Grigorievich Shukhov. The first engineer of Russia. - M .: Publishing House MSTU, 2003 .-- 368 p.
• Kiprin, V. A., Malygin, S. M., Tonchu E. A. From shops to passages. - M .: TONCHU Publishing House, 2014 .-- 584 p. - ISBN 978-5-91215-092-0 .
• V. Sorokin. Memorable places on the ancient road to the village of Vysokoye. Science and life. 1991, No. 2-9
• Moscow at the beginning of the century / ed. O. N. Orobey, ed. O. I. Lobova. - M .: O-Master , 2001 . - 701 s. - (Builders of Russia, XX century). - ISBN 5-9207-0001-7 .
• "Vladimir G. Suchov 1853-1939. Die Kunst der sparsamen Konstruktion. " , Rainer Graefe und andere, 192 S., Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart, 1990.
• "Arkhitektura i mnimosti": The origins of Soviet avant-garde rationalist architecture in the Russian mystical-philosophical and mathematical intellectual tradition ", Elizabeth Cooper English, a dissertation in architecture, 264 p., University of Pennsylvania, 2000.