Chavine, Sergey Grigorievich

Born in 1888 in a poor peasant family. His father, Grigory Mikhailov, was a peasant, resinous . Mother, Tatyana Anisimovna, was a gifted storyteller, she knew many folk tales and songs, to which she introduced her son.

In 1908 he graduated from the Kazan teacher's seminary . Until 1915, he worked as a teacher in Mari schools.

In 1915 he left for the city of Aralsk ( Kazakhstan ), where until 1919 he worked as a teacher in a village at the railway station, fearing conscription into the tsarist army and participation in the imperialist war.

In 1919 he returned to his homeland, played an important role in creating the autonomy of the Mari people. He headed the regional political enlightenment.

In 1922-1923 he began working in the newspaper Yoshkar Keche, later becoming its editor in chief.

In 1923 he returned to teaching at school: he headed the school in s. Arino Morkinsky district .

In 1927 he returned to journalism, moved to live in Yoshkar-Ola , worked at the Mari Book Publishing House .

In 1934, he became one of the first among Mari writers to become a member of the Union of Writers of the USSR . He was one of the organizers and creators of the Mari Association of Proletarian Writers (MAPP), since 1934 - a member of the Board of the Mari Regional Branch of the Union of Writers of the USSR, a member of the Board of the Writing Organization of the Gorky Region .

He worked as a teacher at the Mari studio of musical and dramatic art, head of the literary part of the Mari State Theater ^[1] .

In May 1937, Sergei Chavine was arrested, accused of belonging to the core of an underground nationalist organization and preparing terrorist acts against the country's leaders. On November 11, 1937, he was shot, presumably buried in the Koksai forest (now the Mendursky cemetery) ^[2] .

In 1956 he was rehabilitated posthumously.

• Father - Grigory Mikhailovich, resinous peasant.
• Mother - Tatyana Anisimovna.
• Wife - Tatyana Golubkina, teacher, graduate of Tsarevokokshaysky teacher’s seminary ^[3] .

• "Oto" (Russian. "Grove") (1905), a poem - the first Mari written poetic work.
• “From the Past of the Mari People” (1908), a collection of short stories and poetic ballads
• “Wild Duck” (1912), the play is a satire on tsarist officials.
• The Fugitive (1915), a poem.
• "Autonomy" (1920), a play.
• “The Sun Rises, Black Clouds Dissipate” (1921), a play devoted to revolution and civil war.
• The Apiary (1928), a play.
• "Akpatyr" (1935), a historical drama about the participation of the Mari people in the Peasant War of 1773-1775 under the leadership of E. I. Pugachev .
• Elnet (part 1, 1936; part 2, published in 1963) is a novel about the ideological growth of the Mari intelligentsia and peasants in the period 1908-1917.

In the Mari Theater Studio were staged:

• “Yamblathov Bridge” (1927), play.
• The Apiary (1928), a musical drama.
• “Kuguyar” (1929) is a revolutionary drama about the events of 1905.

At the Mari Theater were staged:

• “One-Handed Kalym” (1927), a comedy that makes fun of bourgeois prejudices, life.

• "Living Water" (1930), a play about a new collective farm village.
• "Sawmill" (1932), a play about the class struggle during the period of collectivization.
• The Mari Company (1934), a play on the defense of Kazan from the White Guards.
• "Akpatyr" (1935), a historical and revolutionary drama about the participation of the Mari people in the Peasant War, led by E. Pugachev .
• “The Light of the Coin” (1936), a comedy based on the Mari folk beliefs.
• “The Forest is Noisy” (1936), a play about the events of the 1905 revolution.

• Sylnemutan works-vlak, t. 1-5, Yoshkar-Ola, 1967-1968

• I sing new songs: poems and poems. Yoshkar-Ola, 1968. 88 p.
• Elnet: novel / trans. in Russian V. Muravyova. M., 1972. 272 ​​p.

Named Chawain:

• National Library named after S. G. Chavine ^[4] .
• Chavayna Boulevard - Boulevard in Yoshkar-Ola (1957) with a monument to the writer of the sculptor B. I. Dyuzhev (1978) ^[5] .
• Street in the village of Medvedevo, Republic of Mari El.
• Street in the village of Semenovka, Republic of Mari El.
• Medvedevskaya incomplete secondary school (1935) ^[4] .
• Arinsky school of the Morkinsky district of Mari El ^[4] .
• Collective farm in the Morkinsky district of Mari El ^[4] .
• State Prize of the Republic of Mari El in the field of literature ^[6] .
• In the village of Chavainur , created by S. G. Chavain together with the inhabitants of the village of Maly Karamas ^[7] , on Chavain Street there is a memorial house-museum of the writer (1961), which is popular among tourists. Now he is part of the Literary and Ethnographic Complex. S. G. Chavain (1988) ^[8] .
• A monument was erected in the village of Morki Chavainu (1979) ^[9] .
• Every year, in the writer’s homeland, in the village of Chavainur, as well as in the village of Morki, a competition of readers “Chavayn Ludmash” (“Chavayn Readings”) is held, traditionally attended by students from the Morkinsky district schools. ^[10]

• Asylbaev A.A. Sergey Chavayn. Essay on life and work. Yoshkar-Ola, 1963.
• Vasin K.K. S. G. Chavine. Life and art. Yoshkar-Ola, 1968.
• Chavain Sergey Grigoryevich // Big Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
• A.M. Aleksandrov, G.E. Bespalova, K.K. Vasin . S. Chavine // Writers of the Mari ASSR: a biobibliographic reference. - Yoshkar-Ola : Mari Book Publishing House , 1976. - S. 282-289. - 368 p. - 5,000 copies.
• G.E. Bespalova, K.K. Vasin , G.Z. Zainiev. S. G. Chavain // Writers of the Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: biobibliographic reference book / Ed. A.V. Selin. - Yoshkar-Ola : Mari Book Publishing House , 1988. - S. 284-296. - 376 p. - 5,000 copies.
• S. G. Chavine // History of Mari literature / Otv. editors K.K. Vasin , A.A. Vasinkin. - Yoshkar-Ola : Mari Book Publishing House , 1989 .-- S. 157-174. - 432 s. - 3000 copies.
• Chavain, Sergey Grigoryevich // Mari Biographical Encyclopedia / Auth. V.A. Mochaev. - Yoshkar-Ola : Mari Biographical Center, 2007 .-- S. 389. - 486 p. - 2032 copies. - ISBN 5-87898-357-0 .
• Sergey Chavayn // Mari El Writers: Bibliographic Reference / Comp. A. Vasinkin, V. Abukaev et al. - Yoshkar-Ola : Mari Book Publishing House , 2008. - P. 640-646. - 752 s. - 3000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-7590-0966-5 .
• Chavain, Sergey Grigoryevich // Encyclopedia of the Republic of Mari El / Otv. ed. N. I. Saraeva. - Yoshkar-Ola, 2009 .-- S. 810. - 872 p. - 3505 copies. - ISBN 978-5-94950-049-1 .

• Elnet in electronic form