Chimes ( French courant - running, flowing , akin to traditional dance in a suite ) - the ancient name of a tower or large room clock with a set of tuned bells that emit a battle in a certain melodic sequence. Usually the chimes play a small musical phrase every hour, half an hour, a quarter of an hour, sometimes in the first quarter of an hour the phrase is performed once, in the second - two, in the third - three.
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Etymology
The Russian-speaking word chimes is unique, in other European languages such watches are usually called roughly like a clock with a [bell] battle, a clock with a melody . In Russian, they were also originally called the military or bell clock. However, in one of the documents of 1821 the phrase chime clock is found where the name comes, obviously, from a dance fashionable in those days, the melody of which was often played by such a clock.
By the second half of the 18th century, the dance itself was almost forgotten, and the word chimes began to mean simple melodies performed on the bells of a tower clock, manually or mechanically [1], as well as a set of these bells and a musical battle mechanism in the clock. In the last sense, the word has been known since the beginning of the 18th century. For example, in Derzhavin ’s poem “To the portrait of N. A. Dyakov” there is a quatrain:
The chime is spiritual, universal:
Just start
And go away,
He plays the arias of heaven.
The word retained this meaning in Russian until the middle of the 19th century, until a clock with a musical battle came out of use. After that, it switched to a musical tower clock , especially to a clock on the Spasskaya Tower .
Related: price chime (current price)
Photos
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Chimes of the Moscow Kremlin
Chimes of the Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg
Chimes at the City Council Building in St. Petersburg
See also
- Chime
- Beffroy
Notes
- ↑ “Russian with German and French translations, compiled by Ivan Nordstet”, the first volume of which was published in 1780, translates the word chimes as “ein Glockenspiel, un carillon” ( Russian bell ringing )
Links
- Arapova N. CURANTS . // Science and Life, No. 5, 2004. Date of treatment September 29, 2011.
- Tatyana Doroshenko. Kremlin chimes . // oclock.info. Date of treatment September 29, 2011. Archived on February 5, 2012.
- Shamin S. M. History of the word chimes // Dialogue of cultures: Russia-West-East. Materials of the international scientific-practical conference “Slavic culture: sources, traditions, interaction. XIII Cyril and Methodius Readings "May 15, 2012. Moscow-Yaroslavl: Remder. 2012.S. 85-88.
- Kuzmina N. Big Ben, Kremlin chimes and Greenwich. 13 legendary hours of the world . // Arguments and Facts, May 21, 2015.
- Radchenko B. First in Russia . // Science and life, No. 19, 1979.