"Nagato" ( 長 門 я ) is a type of battleship of the Japanese imperial fleet . In total, 2 units were built - “Nagato” ( Nagato ) and “Mutsu” ( Mutsu ) [2] .
| Battleships of the Nagato type | |
|---|---|
| Nagato-class battleship | |
 The battleship "Nagato" | |
| Project | |
| A country |
|
| Prior type | type "Ise" |
| Scheduled | 2 |
| Built | 2 |
| Losses | one |
| Main characteristics | |
| Displacement | Standard 39 120–39 250 t , total 46 356 t |
| Length | 221.1 / 224.9 m |
| Width | 33 m |
| Draft | 9.5 m |
| Reservation | The main belt - 305 ... 102 mm; upper belt - 203 mm; traverses - 330 ... 254 mm; deck - 127 + 70; towers - up to 356 mm; Barbets - up to 305 mm; felling - 370; casemates - 25 mm |
| Engines | 4 TZA Kampon |
| Power | 82 300 l. with. |
| Speed | 25 knots (26.7 knots before modernization) |
| Sailing range | 8560 nautical miles at 16 knots |
| Crew | 1480 people |
| Armament | |
| Artillery | 4 × 2 - 410 mm / 45, 18 × 1 - 140/50 |
| Flak | 4 × 2 - 127 mm / 40, 10 × 2 - 25 mm / 60 |
| Aviation group | 1 catapult 3 seaplanes [1] |
Creation History
Ships of the Nagato type are the first fully designed and built battleships in Japan. They were created on the basis of the concept of high-speed battleships (like English ships of the Queen Elizabeth type ).
Design
Hull length - 213.4 m, width - 29 m. Total displacement before modernization - 38500 tons.
Armament
Artillery of the main caliber - 8 410-mm guns in four towers (two guns in the tower). Two towers at the bow of the ship and two at the stern. Auxiliary caliber - 20 140 mm guns. A characteristic feature of the battleships of this type was a pagoda-shaped superstructure. In 1920, one of the Nagato ships easily showed 26.7 knots during testing, like a battlecruiser. Thus, these vessels became the first representatives of the class of modern high-speed battleships. Interestingly, the high speed battleships “Nagato” managed to hide until 1945 [3] .
Booking
Reservation scheme: the main armor belt on the waterline with a maximum thickness of 305 mm - in the area of cellars and cars in the central part of the building, it is thinned along the edges to 100 mm. The upper belt, 229 mm thick, ran from the main to the middle deck. The lower 152 mm underwater belt covered the middle of the hull. The main belt was limited by vertical traverses: bow - 330 mm thick and aft thickness - 250 mm. The horizontal armor included two armored decks - 70 and 50 mm, as well as an additional deck of a forecastle with a thickness of 25 mm, which served as the roof of the mine artillery casemate. That is, the maximum thickness of horizontal armor is 145 mm. The frontal armor of the main-caliber artillery towers was 305 mm thick and was located at an angle of 40 °. The sides of the towers were 229-190 mm thick. The rear wall of the tower had a thickness of 190 mm. Roof - 127 mm.
Barbet reservations were carried out according to the scheme: outside - 305 mm, sides - 305 mm, in places overlapped by each other - 229 mm. Reservation of towers and barbets was made of VC steel.
Upgrade
From 1933 to 1936, Nagato and Mutsu underwent modernization. In the course of work on the ships, onboard anti-torpedo boules and feed allotments were installed. The width of the hull increased from 29 to 33 m. New steam boilers with pure oil heating were also installed. The total weight of the armor increased from 10,396 to 13,032 tons (mainly horizontal booking was strengthened), and the maximum speed dropped from 26.7 to 25 knots. The maximum elevation angle of the main caliber artillery increased to 43 °, and the mine clearance artillery - to 35 °. The number of 140-mm guns was reduced from 20 to 18 and all torpedo tubes were removed. Outdated 80-mm anti-aircraft guns replaced by 127-mm installation (4 × 2). Installed 20 25-mm machine guns. Mounted catapult to launch seaplanes.
After modernization, the standard displacement increased from 32,700 to 39,200 tons.
Representatives
| Title | Place of construction | Bookmark | Launching | Commissioning | Fate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nagato [4] | September 28, 1917 | November 9, 1919 | November 1920 | sank July 29, 1946 as a target ship | |
| Mutsu [5] | June 1, 1918 | May 31, 1920 | October 1921 | June 8, 1943 exploded and sank. |
Service
Nagato
He participated in battles at Midway Atoll and Leyte Gulf .
Towards the end of the war, the battleship was in disrepair and was located in Yokosuka.
During Atoll Atomic Testing, Bikini was used as a target ship. July 29, 1946 during the second test sank.
Mutsu
In the Battle of Midway Atoll, the battleship was part of the main forces of the squadron of Admiral Yamamoto but did not take any active action.
He participated in the battle of the Eastern Solomon Islands.
June 8, 1943 in the Hiroshima Bay on the "Mutsu" there was an explosion of the cellars of the aft towers. The main cause of the explosion is, most likely, the negligence of the crew. After the explosion, the ship broke into two parts and sank. Of the 1474 crew members, Mutsu managed to save 353 people.
In July 1944 , the Japanese managed to pump out 580 tons of fuel from the Mutsu, but failed to lift the ship.
Project Evaluation
| Comparative characteristics of capital ships laid in the years 1912-1917 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rinaun [6] | “ Hood ” [7] | The Mackensen [8] | Erzatz York [9] | Queen Elizabeth [10] | Bayern [11] | " Ise " [12] | The Nagato [13] | Tennessee [14] | |
| Class | battle cruiser | battleship | |||||||
| Bookmark year | 1915 | 1916 | 1914 | 1916 | 1912 | 1914 | 1915 | 1917 | 1917 |
| Year of commissioning | 1916 | 1920 | - | - | 1915 | 1916 | 1917 | 1920 | 1920 |
| Cost | 66 million marks | 75 million marks | 49 million marks | ||||||
| Displacement normal, t | 31,000 | 33,500 | 27,885 | 28,530 | 31,260 | 34,273.2 | 32,817 | ||
| Full, t | 31,266.7 | 45 832.8 | 35 300 | 38,000 | 31 941 | 32,200 | 36,500 | 39,039 | 33,721 |
| Rated power SU, l with. | 112,000 | 144,000 | 90,000 | 90,000 | 56,000 | 35,000 | 45,000 | 80,000 | 28 900 |
| Speed, knots | thirty | 31 | 28 | 27.3 | 23 | 22 | 23 | 26.5 | 21 |
| Range, miles (at speed, knots) | 3650 (10) | 7500 (14) | 8000 (14) | 5500 (14) | 4500 (10) | 5000 (12) | 9860 (14) | 5500 (16) | 8000 (10) |
| Booking mm | |||||||||
| Belt | 152 | 305 | 300 | 300 | 330 | 350 | 305 | 305 | 343 |
| Towers, forehead | 280 | 380 | 300 | 300 | 330 | 350 | 305 | 356 | 406 |
| Barbets | 179 | 305 | 300 | 300 | 254 | 350 | 305 | 305 | 330 |
| Cutting | 254 | 280 | 350 | 300 | 280 | 350 | 305 | 370 | 406 |
| Deck | 75-25 | 100-50 | 100-50 | 100-50 | 100-60 | 76–32 | 76— (44 + 38) | 89 | |
| Armament | |||||||||
| Main caliber | 3 × 2 × 381 mm / 42 | 4 × 2 × 381 mm / 42 | 4 × 2 × 350 mm / 45 | 4 × 2 × 380 mm / 45 | 4 × 2 × 381 mm / 42 | 4 × 2 × 380 mm / 45 | 6 × 2 × 356 mm / 45 | 4 × 2 × 410 mm / 45 | 4 × 3 × 356 mm / 50 |
| Auxiliary | 17 × 102 mm / 44 2 × 76 mm | 12 × 140 mm / 50 4 × 102 mm / 45 4 × 47 mm | 12 × 150 mm / 45 8 × 88 mm / 45 | 12 × 150 mm / 45 8 × 88 mm / 45 | 16 × 152 mm / 45 2 × 76 mm | 16 × 150 mm / 45 2 × 88 mm / 45 | 20 × 140 mm / 50 4 × 76 mm | 20 × 140 mm / 50 4 × 76 mm | 14 × 127 mm / 51 4 × 76.2 mm |
| Torpedo weapons | 2 × 533 mm TA | 6 × 533 mm TA | 5 × 600 mm TA | 3 × 600 mm TA | 4 × 533 mm TA | 5 × 600 mm TA | 6 × 533 mm TA | 8 × 533 mm TA | 2 × 533 mm TA |
Notes
- ↑ All data is as of December 1941.
- ↑ The transcription of Japanese names is given in the reference book of Apalkov Yu. V.
- ↑ http://ship.bsu.by/main.asp?id=100681 battleships of the Nagato type
- ↑ Named after a province in the west of Honshu Island, Yamagichi Prefecture. See: Apalkov, Yu.V. S. 105.
- ↑ Named after a province in the north of Honshu Island, Aomori Prefecture and Iwate . See: Apalkov, Yu.V. S. 104.
- ↑ Conway's, 1906-1921 . - P.38
- ↑ Conway's, 1906-1921 . - P.41
- ↑ Gröner . Band 1. - P.85–87
- ↑ Gröner . Band 1. - P.87
- ↑ Conway's, 1906-1921 . - P.33
- ↑ Gröner . Band 1. - P.52-54
- ↑ Conway's All the World's Battleships: 1906 to the present. - London: Conway Maritime Press. - P. 120.
- ↑ Conway's All the World's Battleships: 1906 to the present. - London: Conway Maritime Press. - P. 124.
- ↑ Conway's All the World's Battleships: 1906 to the present. - London: Conway Maritime Press. - P. 173.
Links
Literature
- Apalkov Yu.V. Warships of the Japanese fleet: Battleships and aircraft carriers. - St. Petersburg: Didactics, 1997.
- Balakin S. A., Dashyan A. V. et al. Battleships of the Second World War. Fleet shock force. - M .: Collection, Yauza, EKSMO, 2006 .-- 256 p .: ill. - (Arsenal Collection). - 3000 copies. - ISBN 5-699-18891-6 , LBC 68.54 L59.
- Rubanov O. A. Line ships of the Nagato type. - ANO "Eastflot", Samara 2005.
- in English
- Conway's All The Worlds Fighting Ships, 1906-1921 / Gray, Randal (ed.). - London: Conway Maritime Press, 1985 .-- 439 p. - ISBN 0-85177-245-5 .
- Conway's All the World's Battleships: 1906 to the present / Edited by Ian Sturton. - New ed. - London: Conway Maritime Press, 1996 .-- 190 p. - ISBN 0-85177-691-4 .
- in German
- Gröner, Erich. Die deutschen Kriegsschiffe 1815-1945. Band 1: Panzerschiffe, Linienschiffe, Schlachschiffe, Flugzeugträger, Kreuzer, Kanonenboote. - Bernard & Graefe Verlag, 1982. - 180 p. - ISBN 978-3763748006 .