Laskorin, Boris Nikolaevich

Boris Nikolayevich was born in 1915 in Brest-Litovsk, in the family of Nikolai Laskorin, an employee. In 1930, after graduating from a seven-year school in Kiev, he entered the technical school of rubber and rubber, graduated with honors in 1933 and was sent to continue his studies at Kiev University, whose chemical faculty also graduated with honors in 1938. The young specialist was sent to work at the NII-26 established in 1936 in Elektrostal, where work was underway to create new means of protection against a possible chemical threat, since March 1941, the head of the laboratory ^[1] .

B. N. Laskorin belongs to the pleiad of the first Soviet scientists who were directly and directly involved in creating the country's nuclear, energy, and economic power. He was one of the active participants in the development of the atomic industry of the USSR and the organizers of the VNII of Chemical Technology, one of the leading research institutes in our country, from 1952 the head of the laboratory at the VNIIHT, then headed the department of 7 laboratories, and from 1968 became the deputy director of the VNIIHT scientific work ^[2] . He devoted his life to science to studying the properties of radioactive, rare, non-ferrous and precious metals and the development of industrial technologies for their production.

The works of BN Laskorin are of fundamental importance. Their results were reported at the 2nd Geneva Conference on the Use of Atomic Energy for Peaceful Purposes and the International Meeting of the IAEA in Vienna, which consolidated the priority of Russian science in the integrated use of poor uranium ores and purification of natural waters based on widespread use of sorption-extraction processes.

The main part of the scientific ideas and practical work of B.N. Laskorin was implemented under his leadership in all mining (20 in total) and a number of radiochemical enterprises of the nuclear industry of the Soviet Union, including a number of city-forming enterprises. Among them are enterprises in: Stepnogorsk, Shevchenko, Ust-Kamenogorsk (Kazakhstan); Navoi, Zaravshan, Cherchik (Uzbekistan); Karabalta (Kyrgyzstan); the city of Zhovti Vody (Ukraine); Sillamäe (Estonia); Lermontov, Glazov, Krasnokamensk, Ozersk, Seversk, Zheleznogorsk, Novouralsk, Zelenogorsk (RFSFR), etc.

At the beginning of his career in 1938-1948. B. N. Laskorin worked on the creation of filter materials, sorbents, catalysts for individual and collective means of anti-chemical protection. With his direct participation during the Great Patriotic War, mass industrial production of these materials for the needs of the army, navy and the civilian population was organized. For the creation of anti-chemical protection tools Boris Nikolayevich Laskorin in 1951 received his first Order of the Red Banner of Labor.

Under his leadership, an industrial sorption method for the purification of gases from radioactive iodine was developed, which has been used to date.

The continuous non-filtration method of hydrometallurgical processing of ores using the processes of sorption and extraction extraction of valuable components directly from ore slurries and solutions with obtaining pure compounds of uranium and other valuable elements.

In the shortest possible time, under the supervision of B.N. Laskorin, the reconstruction of hydrometallurgical uranium enterprises was successfully carried out, which ensured the creation in 1958-1965. large uranium industry in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.

The industrial introduction of this technology in the shortest possible time provided an increase of 2-3 times the capacity of the plants and opened up new opportunities in the processing of poor sources by increasing the extraction of uranium and reducing capital costs. This actually increased the raw material base of the strategically important metal and ensured the creation in the USSR of the world's largest uranium industry.

The principal advantage of the technology was the proposed N. Laskorin's system of closed water circulation in the technological schemes of industrial enterprises, which made it possible to eliminate or minimize discharges into the open hydrographic network and reduce the harmful impact of enterprises on the environment. For the development of this technology and its industrial introduction, B. N. N. Laskorin was awarded the Lenin Prize in 1958, and the title of Merited Inventor of the RSFSR (1964) was awarded for fruitful inventive activity on the improvement of sorption equipment.

The scope of research conducted under the direction of B. N. Laskorin and uranium cromium included metals such as thorium, lithium, beryllium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum, niobium, and also molybdenum, tungsten, scandium, vanadium, rhenium, selenium, tin , rare earth elements, gold, silver, platinum group metals, etc., many of which are present in uranium ores.

B. N. Laskorin - author of developments and industrial development in the USSR and Russia of the processes of synthesis of sorbents and extractants for the extraction of uranium, plutonium, gold and other radioactive, colored, noble, rare and trace elements. Under the guidance of B. N. Laskorin, in the framework of fundamental research in this direction, priority work was carried out to develop and improve the synthesis technology of sorbents and extractants and their industrial implementation. The sorbents produced by the proposed technologies took the leading place in the nuclear industry, and B. N. Laskorin and the group of authors who performed this work, in 1978, were awarded the State Prize in science and technology.

For the first time in world practice, under the leadership of Academician B.N. Laskorin, a method of filtration-free hydrometallurgical processing of gold-bearing ores using synthetic sorbents (sorption leaching method) and its instrumentation was developed. This method made it possible to radically modernize the processing of gold ores, ensured that bank-grade gold was obtained directly at the ore-processing enterprise, and also the possibility of involving ores that were poor in gold, unprofitable when using the old technology.

For the first time in the world, the technology of gold sorption leaching was implemented for the processing of poor ores of the largest Muruntau deposit in the Central Kyzyl Kum region at a mining and smelting combine in the city of Zarafshan. From the beginning of commissioning and up to the present, this enterprise and the technology used on it are a kind of world-class benchmark, and the production volume reached 60 tons / year of bank gold ingots with a purity of 99.99%. In the processing of gold-bearing ores using sorption technology, the associated extraction of valuable components such as silver, selenium, palladium, tungsten, and rhenium was ensured. By decision of the Council of Ministers of the USSR in 1972, this technology was mastered and implemented at 10 enterprises of the Ministry of Nonferrous Metallurgy of the USSR.

Under the guidance of B. N. Laskorin, in the course of research, the processes of sorption extraction extraction of molybdenum and scandium, which are in the processed raw materials in small quantities and unfavorable mineralogical state, were developed and introduced. Sorption-extraction technologies of complex processing of poor and complex ores and low-grade enrichment products were created.

The research, development and industrial introduction of nuclear-flame-safe extraction technology for processing irradiated standard uranium blocks and sorption refining of uranium and plutonium, carried out under the direction of BN Laskorin, remain unique.

For the development and application of sorption and extraction processes in the radiochemical and chemical-metallurgical industry, for the production of ultra-pure plutonium and highly enriched uranium, B. N. N. Laskorin was awarded the USSR Council of Ministers Prize and Prize for them in 1983. V. G. Khlopin.

In 1977, with the assistance of B.N. Laskorin, the Institute of Integrated Mineral Development Problems was organized at the USSR Academy of Sciences, in which B.N. Laskorin headed the department of mineral processing for many years, was the chairman of the dissertation council.

An outstanding contribution was made by Academician B.N. Laskorin to solving the problem of ecology. He proposed the concept of low-waste and waste-free environmentally friendly technology and closed water circulation schemes, as radical measures to protect the environment, developed and implemented resource- and energy-saving technologies for a number of industries. With a zero discharge of polluted water into the open hydrographic network and a several-fold reduction in the consumption of reagents and materials, the flow of harmful substances into the environment has decreased by a factor of ten. This made possible the further development of industrial production even in densely populated regions. The development and introduction of low-waste technological processes of mineral processing in the light of solving environmental problems of industrial enterprises of the industry were awarded in 1987 with the Prize of the Council of Ministers of the USSR awarded to the authors team headed by B. Laskorin.

B. N. Laskorin was Chairman of the Committee for Environmental Protection of the All-Union Scientific and Technical Society and until recently was Chairman of the Commission for the Protection of Natural Waters under the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which did much to save Lake Baikal and to revive the resources of the Volga. Together with the Council on Biosphere Problems, the Commission has achieved the abolition of environmentally harmful, undermining the country's economy, the project of turning the northern and Siberian rivers, the construction of the Volga-Chegreysky and the second Volga-Don canals.

The sphere of interests of B. N. Laskorin was not limited to scientific activity. For many years he served as deputy chairman of the Scientific Council on Hydrometallurgy at the State Committee on Science and Technology of the USSR, chaired the Scientific Council "New Processes in the Nonferrous Metallurgy" at the State Committee on Science and Technology of the USSR, headed the section on environmental protection at the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, held meetings of the Committee on Environmental Protection at the All-Union Scientific and Technical Society as its chairman, edited scientific and technical publications on sorption, and straktsii and hydrometallurgy, environmental protection, membrane processes.

The result of the pedagogical work of academician Laskorin B.N. was the scientific school on sorption-extraction and membrane technologies created by him, which prepared a whole pleiad of highly qualified specialists, including 8 professors, 15 doctors of technical sciences and more than 100 candidates of technical sciences.

The contribution of Academician B. Laskorin to the development of the defense complex of the USSR and Russia and nuclear power is significant. With his active participation in the system of the military industrial complex of the USSR, more than 50 new enterprises were created (not counting enterprises from other sectors of the economy). The unique technologies of B.N. Laskorin, significantly exceeding the existing world parameters, were able to supply the developing nuclear power industry of the Soviet Union with fuel and provided the necessary materials to the creators of nuclear weapons, as a result of which strategic parity was reached and the threat of a nuclear war was eliminated.

He was buried at the Troyekurovsky cemetery ^[3] .

Father Laskorin Nikolay Lavrentievich Born in 1887, born in the Grodno province Brest (Belarusian, Orthodox) worked as a telegrapher, head of stations in Brest-Litovsk and its environs. The last place of work, the head of the sorting railway station in Kiev, died of tuberculosis in Kiev in 1926.

Mother Tvarkovskaya Ioannina 1889 (polka, Catholic), housewife, born in Czestochowa, place of death, Moscow, 1979 year.

Order

• (1951). Order of the Red Banner of Labor (No. 222857) Awarded by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, for the successful implementation of the special task of the Government (December 8, 1951).
• (1962). Order of V. I. Lenin (No. 344110) Awarded by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, for special services to the USSR (March 7, 1962).
• (1970). Order of the Red Banner of Labor (No. 468892) Awarded by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, for successful fulfillment of the planned task (January 6, 1970).
• (1972). The Golden Order of Labor of the People’s Republic of Bulgaria (No. 863), for its outstanding contribution to the development of the atomic industry of the People’s Republic of Bulgaria (April 26, 1972).
• (1975). Order of the October Revolution (No. 40340) Awarded by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR for outstanding contribution to the development of national science and the successful implementation of an important government task (September 17, 1975).
• (1980). Order of the Red Banner of Labor (No. 993362) Awarded by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, for successful implementation of the special task of the Government (August 7, 1980).

Medals

• 1946 Medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945"
• 1948 Medal "In memory of the 800th anniversary of Moscow"
• 1952 Medal "For Labor Valor"
• 1966 Gold medal VDNH (For success in the national economy of the USSR)
• 1970 year Medal “For Valiant Labor. In commemoration of the centenary of the birth of V. I. Lenin ”
• 1971 Gold Medal of the Exhibition of Economic Achievements (For the progress achieved in the development of the national economy of the USSR)
• 1972 Gold Medal of the Exhibition of Economic Achievements (For the progress achieved in the development of the national economy of the USSR)
• 1976 Gold Medal of the Exhibition of Economic Achievements (For the progress achieved in the development of the national economy of the USSR)
• 1978 year. Gold Medal of the Exhibition of Economic Achievements (For the progress achieved in the development of the national economy of the USSR)
• 1978 year. Medal "Veteran Labor"
• 1979 year. Bronze Medal of the Exhibition of Economic Achievements (For the progress achieved in the development of the national economy of the USSR)
• 1985 Anniversary medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War" For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 "
• 1990 year. Badge of the participant in the elimination of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986
• 1995 year. Anniversary medal "50 years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War" For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 "
• 1995 year. Jubilee Medal to the 50th anniversary of the nuclear industry

Awards

• (1958). Assignment of the title of laureate of the USSR Lenin Prize for the successful implementation of a special task of the Government to create a new sorption technology for processing uranium ores.
• (1978). Assigned the title of laureate of the USSR State Prize for the successful implementation of a special task of the Government for the development and industrial production of ion-exchange and complex-forming sorbents for the nuclear industry.
• (1983). The title of laureate of the Prize of the Council of Ministers of the USSR was awarded for substantiating the optimal directions for the development of advanced technology and mineral processing technology and for their implementation in the mining industry.
• (1983). The title of laureate of the Prize of the USSR Council of Ministers for the successful implementation of a special task of the Government for the development and implementation of new technological processes.
• (1983). Awarding them. V. G. Khlopin for the development of sorption and extraction processes and their application in the radiochemical industry.

• In the area Moskvorechye-Saburovo there is a street named after him .
• There is a plaque in the Taganka area. It is installed on the house 1/15 on Kotelnicheskaya Embankment ^[4] , where the scientist lived for many years.

1. B. H. Lascorin, M., 1981; Uranium Chemistry M .: Science, 1981. - 504 p.
2. Laskorin B.N., Skorovarov DI, Filipov E.A. Development of Uranium Chemistry and Technology in the Nuclear Power Fuel Cycle // Collection: Uranium Chemistry. - M .: Science, 1983. - p. 59-66.
3. Kruglov A. K., Pchelkin V. A., Svidersky M. F., Moschanskaya I. G., Chernetsov O. K. Natural nuclear reactors and signs of their detection // Collection: Uranium chemistry / Ed. B. N. Laskorina. - M .: Science, 1983. - p. 338-346.
4. Laskorin B.N., Myasoedov B.F. (ed.). Uranium Chemistry M .: Science, 1989. - 446 p.
5. B. N. Laskorin, L. A. Barsky, V. Z. Persits Waste-free technology for the processing of mineral raw materials Systems. analysis / 334 sec. silt 22 cmM. Nedra 1984
6. Laskorin B.N. and others. Technology of processing of uranium ores // Soviet atomic science and technology: [Coll. articles] / Prev. ed. College KI Shchelkin. - Moscow: Atomizdat, 1967. - p. 222-240
7. B. N. Laskorin, V.I. Chalov Waste-free production in metallurgy / 71, [1] p. 21 cm M. Metallurgy 1988
8. Hydrometallurgy / Ed. Laskorina B.N., collection of articles M .: Nauka, 1976. 265 p.
9. Hydrometallurgy of gold: [Materials of the meeting. / Ed. ed. B. N. Laskorin] 194 p. silt 21 cm. M. Science 1980
10. Reference book "Ion-exchange materials for hydrometallurgy processes, sewage treatment and water treatment". Ed. Acad. B. N. Laskorina. M., VNIIHT, 1989
11. Environmental protection at the enterprises of the nuclear industry, under the editorship of B.N. Laskorina, M., 1982
12. Silica gel based sorbents in radiochemistry. Chemical properties. Application. / B.N. Laskorin [et al.]; under total Ed .: B. N. Laskorin. - M.: Atomizdat, 1977. - 303 s. : fig. - Bibliogr. : with. 251–298.
13. B. N. Laskorin, A. M. Babenko, E. A. Filippov, A. F. Trubnikov Uspekhi khimii, 44, 761 (1975).
14. B. N. Laskorin, V. V. Yakshin, N. A. Lyubosvetova. Structure and electron-donating properties of tertiary arsines oxides Usp. Chem., 1981, 50: 5, 860-888
15. E. K. Karlova, N. V. Karlov, B. N. Laskorin, A. M. Prokhorov, N. P. Stupin, L. B. Schurmel Study of Laser Stimulation of Chemical Extraction at the Interface of Two Media Quant. electron., 1979, 6:10, 2190-2194
16. B. N. Laskorin, A. M. Babenko, E. A. Filippov, A. F. Trubnikov. Chemical methods for the separation of uranium isotopes. Usp. Chem., 1975, 44: 5, 761-781
17. O. D. Savenko, F. T. Shostak, B. N. Laskorin Synthesis of ion-exchange membranes. Usp. Chem., 1968, 37:11, 2094-2119
18. Laskorin B. N. and others. Complex processing of uranium ores: Exploration and mining of radioactive materials // Atomic science and technology in the USSR. M. Atomizdat, 1977.
19. Skorovarov DI, Laskorin B.N., Ivanov G.F. and others. Processing of poor uranium ores in the USSR // Uranium ore processing, Vienna, 1976. - P. 141-153.
20. Shatalov V. V., Laskorin B. N., M., Chemistry of Natural Radionuclides and Environmental Protection Issues // Uranium Chemistry, Science, 1989. - P. 17-24.
21. Laskorin B.N., Gromov B.V., Tsygankov A.P., Senin V.N. Problems of development of waste-free production. Series: Environmental Protection, Moscow Stroyizdat 1981, 207 p.
22. Kaplan, G. Ye., Laskorin, B. N., Nevsky, B. V. Industrial Methods for Processing Poor Uranium Ores. - 1959.
23. Kovda G. A., Laskorin B.N., Nevsky B.V. Technology for processing uranium ores in the USSR // Soviet Atomic Science and Technology. M. Atomizdat, 1987.
24. Laskorin B. N. and others. Complex processing of uranium ores: Exploration and mining of radioactive materials // Atomic science and technology in the USSR. M. Atomizdat, 1977.
25. Skorovarov DI, Laskorin B.N., Ivanov G.F. and others. Processing of poor uranium ores in the USSR // Uranium ore processing, Vienna, 1976. - P. 141-153.
26. Laskorin B.N., Mamilov V.A., Koreysho Yu.A. and others. Mining and processing of uranium ores in the USSR // Nuclear power experience, Vienna, 1983, V 3. - P. 437-449.
27. Shatalov V.V., Laskorin B.N. Chemistry of natural radionuclides and environmental issues // Chemistry of uranium. M., Science, 1989. - p. 17-24.
28. Lascorin B.N. et al. Extraction of Uranium from Solutions and Slurries // Atomic Energy, Volume 8, vol. 6. - 1960. - p. 519-529
29. Laskorin B.N., Smirnova N.M. The use of ion-exchange membranes in uranium hydrometallurgy // Atomic energy, Volume 10, vol. 4. - 1961. - p. 353-361
30. Laskorin B.N. and others. The main laws of the extraction of uranium by phosphine oxides // Atomic energy. Vol. 28, no. 5. - 1970. - p. 383-387
31. Laskorin B.N., Fedorova L.A., Ryabova, E.K. Studies of the vanadium (V) sorption mechanism by porous vinylpyridine ion exchangers by the method of IK-spectroscopy // Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. - 1973. -T.43, - № 4, - p. 720-725.
32. Laskorin B.N. The current state and prospects for the development of hydrometallurgical processes. In the book Hydrometallurgy. - M .: Science, - 1976 - p. 7-19
33. I.A. Andryushin, A.K. Chernyshov, Yu.A. Yudin. Taming the core. Chronology of the main events in the history of the nuclear industry of the USSR and Russia. [one]

• The profile of Boris Nikolaevich Laskorin on the official website of the Russian Academy of Sciences
• Laskorin Boris Nikolayevich - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
• On the development of the raw material base of Minatom
• The history of the creation of the raw material base of the nuclear industry
• Great Russian Encyclopedia
• Magazine "Mountain Herald of Uzbekistan" 116 pp.
• Electronic Archive of Academician Andrei Petrovich Ershov
• Magazine "Non-ferrous metals"
• Patent Database
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• Kruglov A. K. How the nuclear industry was created in the USSR. - 1995
• ELECTRONIC LIBRARY HISTORY OF ROSATOM
• DEDICATED TO VETERANS OF THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY
• Rosatom Personalities