Grenadier Corps

Grenadiers, as selected military personnel, were formed in the Armed Forces of Russia under Peter the Great in the guard and army infantry regiments in the form of separate companies and in the form of grenadier units . Separate grenadier companies remained in the Russian Armed Forces until 1856. In Russian jaeger regiments, they were called carabinier companies.

In 1763, there were already four army grenadier regiments in the Russian Armed Forces. The number of army grenadier regiments gradually increased due to the renaming of musketeer regiments and the formation of new grenadier regiments by selecting personnel from infantry regiments.

In 1811, the grenadier regiments were combined into special grenadier divisions , and in 1814, into the grenadier corps ^[1] . Another source indicates that in August 1813, by renaming the 1st Infantry Corps , the 3rd Grenadier Corps was formed . The corps included: 1st and 2nd Grenadier divisions. The corps commander was Lieutenant General (from October 8, 1813, cavalry general ) N. N. Raevsky ^[3] . On April 3, 1814, the 3rd Grenadier Division became part of the corps, and on August 29, 1814 it was renamed the Grenadier Corps ^[4] . In May 1813, the Raevsky grenadiers proved themselves in the battles of Koenigsvarta and Bautzen . In August, after Austria joined the anti-French coalition , Raevsky’s corps was transferred to the Bohemian army of Field Marshal K.F. zu Schwarzenberg . In its composition, the corps took part in the battles of Dresden , unsuccessful for the allied army, and Kulm , where the French were completely defeated. The compound and its formations participated with honors further in the Sixth Coalition War , other affairs, battles and battles .

The grenadier corps under the command of N. N. Raevsky was especially distinguished in the largest battle of that era - the “ Battle of the Peoples ” near Leipzig .

There was one fatal moment in this terrible battle, in which the fate of Europe and the whole world depended on the firmness of one person. Napoleon, collecting all his cavalry, under the cover of a terrible battery, rushed to our center. Part of it hesitated and temporarily gave way to a desperate attack; but the grenadier corps under Raevsky’s command, curled up in a square , stood steadfast, and, surrounded on all sides by the enemy, everywhere reflected his efforts. This firmness gave our time to line up and soon overturn the French cavalry, which was forced to retreat under the fire of the unshakable grenadiers, upset and took to flight.

- M. F. Orlov ^[5]

In 1830 - 1831, the corps personnel participated in restoring order in the Polish kingdom , in particular, in the battles of Białolenka , Grochow , Ostroleka and the storming of Warsaw . In 1833, the compound was renamed the Separate Grenadier Corps ^[6] . In 1834, the Grenadier Rifle Battalion was formed for the Grenadier Corps . In 1844, the formation was returned to its former name - the Grenadier Corps . From February 3, 1844 to 1856, the Grenadier Corps was also subordinated to the commander of the Separate Guards Corps, the Headquarters of the Separate Guards Corps was reorganized into the Headquarters of the Commander-in-Chief of the Guards and Grenadiers Corps, and from 1849 - the Headquarters of the Commander-in-Chief of the Guards and Grenadiers Corps. In the period 1856 - 1857, the grenadier regiments of the corps were granted new banners. Three corps: Grenadier , Guards Infantry and Guards Cavalry, during the Crimean War , were in St. Petersburg and its environs and were intended for the defense of the capital of the state. Subsequently, during the operations of the Crimean War, the Grenadier Corps was transferred to the north of Crimea. During the peasant unrest of 1857 - 1863, the corps brought order to the territories of the provinces of Russia.

With the widespread introduction of the military-district command in 1862, the gradual abolition of all corps in the Armed Forces of Russia began, which ended in 1864. In the period from January 13, 1864 to February 19, 1877, the grenadier corps was abolished. It was again formed at the beginning of the Russo-Turkish (Liberation) War of 1877 - 1878 , in which it took part.

In 1883, on the site of the burned down house in 1868 , where the council was held in Fili , officers of the Grenadier Corps erected a monument , in the form of a milestone , in memory of this event.

The personnel of the formation participated in the suppression of the “Boxer Rebellion” in China and in the Russo-Japanese War .

Before the start of World War I, he was stationed in the Moscow Military District .

By August 5, 1914, the corps was part of the 4th Army and was part of the Southwestern Front .

The grenadier corps had little happiness in this war. First of all, he was not lucky for the commanders. His remarkable work was the reflection, together with the guards cavalry, of the Second Austro-Hungarian Army from Petrokov in November 1914.

- A. A. Kersnovsky, “History of the Russian Army”

The formation participated in the operations of the Northwest (1914 - July 1915) and the Western (August 1915 - December 1917) fronts.

In September 1916, the National Polish Rifle Brigade was formed as part of the corps .

on 08/29/1814

• control;
• 1st Grenadier Division ;
• 2nd Grenadier Division ;
• 3rd Grenadier Division .

09/01/1880

• control;
• 1st Grenadier Division;
• 2nd Grenadier Division;
• 3rd Grenadier Division;
• 1st Cavalry Division .

at 1890

• control;
• three infantry divisions ^[7] ;
• two cavalry divisions ^[7] .

02/01/1913 - 04/01/1914

• control;
• 1st Grenadier Division;
• 2nd Grenadier Division;
• 1st Cavalry Division;
• 6th separate Don Cossack Hundred;
• Grenadier mortar artillery division ;
• Grenadier sapper of His Imperial Highness Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich battalion .

07/18/1914

• control;
• 1st Grenadier Division
  • 1st Grenadier Brigade
    • 1st Life Grenadier Yekaterinoslav Regiment
    • 2nd Grenadier Rostov Regiment
  • 2nd Grenadier Brigade
    • 3rd Grenadier Pernovsky Regiment
    • 4th Grenadier Nesvizh Regiment
  • 1st Grenadier Artillery Brigade
• 2nd Grenadier Division
  • 1st Grenadier Brigade
    • 5th Grenadier Kiev Regiment
    • 6th Grenadier Tauride Regiment
  • 2nd Grenadier Brigade
    • 7th Grenadier Samogit Regiment
    • 8th Grenadier Moscow Regiment
  • 3rd Grenadier Artillery Brigade
• 1st Cavalry Division
  • 1st brigade
    • 1st Life-Dragoon Moscow Regiment
    • 1st Lancers of the Petrograd Regiment
  • 2nd brigade
    • 1st Hussar Sumy Regiment
    • 1st Don Cossack Regiment
  • 1st Horse Artillery Division
• Grenadier mortar and artillery division
• Grenadier Engineer Battalion
• Grenadier Corps Aviation Squad of the Russian Imperial Air Force .

• Bohemian army (??. 08.1813 - ??. ??. 181?)
• 4th Field Army (08/02/1914 - 04/03/1916);
• 3rd Field Army (04/14/1916);
• 4th Field Army (June 20 - July 17, 1916);
• 2nd Field Army (07.17.1916 - ??. 12.1917).

Commanders

• 08.29.1814-15.02.1816 - cavalry general N. N. Raevsky
• 04/09/1816 - lieutenant general (from 17/08/1817 - general from infantry ) Count Osterman-Tolstoy, Alexander Ivanovich
• 09/08/1823 - 06/11/1832 - lieutenant general (since 22/08/1826 general from infantry) Prince Shakhovskaya, Ivan Leontyevich ^[8]
• 07.17.1832-30.08.08.1832 - general from infantry Khrapovitsky, Matvey Evgrafovich
• 08/30/1832 - 12/20/1848 - lieutenant general (from 06/06/1835 - general from infantry) Nabokov, Ivan Alexandrovich
• 12/20/1848 - 11/29/1854 - lieutenant general (from 06/12/1853 - general from infantry) Muravyov-Karsky, Nikolai Nikolaevich
• 11.29.1854 - 08.26.18856 - Lieutenant General Plautin, Nikolai Fedorovich
• 08/26/1856 - 07/06/18862 - lieutenant general (from 08.09.1859 - general from infantry) Ramzai, Eduard Andreevich
• 09.09.1862–13.01.1864 - lieutenant general (from 30.08.1863 - general from infantry) Guildenstubbe, Alexander Ivanovich
• 01/13/1864 - 02/19/18877 - the building was abolished
• 02.19.1877-17.04.1879 - Lieutenant General Ganetsky, Ivan Stepanovich

• 1878 - Lieutenant General Dokhturov, Mikhail Nikolaevich (temporarily)

• 04.17.1879-14.03.1881 - Lieutenant General Count Shuvalov, Pavel Andreevich
• 03/14/1881 - 05/08/18882 - general from infantry Radetsky, Fedor Fedorovich
• 05/10/1882 - 03/13/18886 - general from infantry Ganetsky, Nikolai Stepanovich
• 03/13/1886 - 04/09/1888 - general from infantry Stolypin, Arkady Dmitrievich
• 04/09/1889 - 08/11/1888 - cavalry general Manzey, Konstantin Nikolaevich
• 08/11/1889 - 06/03/1903 - lieutenant general (from 06.12.1895 - general from infantry) Malakhov, Nikolai Nikolaevich
• 04/02/1904 - 06/18/1904 - Lieutenant General Count Stenbock German Germanovich
• 06/19/1904 - 03/15/1906 - Lieutenant General Oreus, Mikhail Fedorovich
• 03.15.1906 - 09.24.1907 - Lieutenant General Sandetsky, Alexander Genrikhovich
• 10/01/1907 - 05/15/1912 - lieutenant general (from 06.12.1910 - general from infantry) Ekk, Eduard Vladimirovich
• 05/21/1912 - 09/02/1915 - lieutenant general (from 04/14/1913 - general from infantry, from 01/26/1914 general from artillery ) Mrozovsky, Iosif Ivanovich
• 09/12/1915 - 01/30/1916 - Infantry General Kuropatkin, Alexei Nikolaevich
• 02/20/1916 - 07/20/1917 - Lieutenant General Parsky, Dmitry Pavlovich
• 07/31/1917 - 09/11/1918 - Lieutenant-General Khrostitsky, Anatoly Vladimirovich

Chiefs of Staff

• 04/09/1816 - 02/15/1820 - Major General Neidgardt, Pavel Ivanovich
• 03/15/1828 - 01/10/1834 - Major General Gurko, Vasily Iosifovich
• 01/10/1834 - 12/25/1840 - Colonel (from 01/01/1836 Major General) Tuchkov, Pavel Alekseevich
• хх.хх.1842 - 04/10/1848 - Colonel (from 10.04.1848 major general) Katenin, Alexander Andreevich
• xx.xx. 1849 - xx.xx.1852 - Major General Nazimov, Vladimir Nikolaevich
• 09/08/1856 - 06/06/1861 - Major General Count Heiden, Fedor Logginovich
• 06/06/1861 - 01/08/1864 - Major General Kaznakov, Nikolai Gennadevich
• 1864 - 1877 - the building was abolished
• 02.24.1877 - 10.16.1889 - Major General Manykin-Nevstroyev, Alexander Ivanovich
• 11/19/1889 - 11/25/1891 - Major General Ivashkin, Vladimir Nikolaevich
• 11/25/1891 - 12/31/1892 - Major General Povalo-Shveikovsky, Alexander Nikolaevich
• 01/18/1893 - 09/25/1899 - Major General Baron Rosen, Alexander-Stepan Fridrikhovich
• 11/27/1899 - 06/06/902 - Major General Svetozarov, Nikolai Ivanovich
• 06.24.1902 - 03.10.1909 - Major General Gershelman, Ivan Romanovich
• 10/03/1909 - 05/01/1913 - Major General Desino, Konstantin Nikolaevich
• 05/03/1913 - 11/19/1914 - Major General Sokolov, Vladimir Ivanovich
• 11/19/1914 - 08/26/1916 - Major General Khrostitsky, Anatoly Vladimirovich
• 09/18/1916 - 10/09/1916 - Major General Galkin, Mikhail Sergeyevich
• 10/09/1916 - 06/23/1917 - Major General Dovgird, Stefan Antonovich

Corps Artillery Chiefs

In 1910, the post of chief of artillery of the corps was replaced by the post of inspector of artillery. The position of chief / inspector of artillery of the corps corresponded to the rank of lieutenant general. The persons appointed to this post with the rank of major general were correcting the position and affirmed in it simultaneously with the production of lieutenant generals.

• хх.хх.1877 - 05.27.1878 ^[9] - major general (from 01.01.1878 lieutenant general) Reintal, Reinhold Petrovich
• хх.хх.1878 - 10/09/1879 - Lieutenant General Shestakov, Georgy Fedorovich
• 10/09/1879 - 10/10/1888 - major general (from 30.08.1881 lieutenant general) Klevetsky, Alexander Zakharovich
• хх.хх.1881 - 04.20.1888 - major general (from 30.08.1885 lieutenant general) Pokhitonov, Daniil Daniilovich
• 04/22/1888 - 02/15/1893 - Lieutenant General Adamovich, Leonid Efremovich
• 02/15/1893 - 11/29/1893 - Major General Savrimovich, Anton Osipovich
• 11/29/1893 - 01/03/1896 - major general (from 11/14/1894 lieutenant general) Zavadovsky, Joseph Ivanovich
• 01.03.1896 - 01.13.1903 - major general (from 14.05.1896 lieutenant general) Oreus, Mikhail Fedorovich
• 02/12/1903 - 03/11/1906 - Lieutenant General Gippius, Vladimir Ivanovich
• 12/06/1906 - 12/29/1908 - Lieutenant General Nishenkov, Arkady Nikanorovich
• 01/24/1909 - 02/06/1910 - Lieutenant General Prince Masalsky, Vladimir Nikolaevich
• 02/06/1910 - 12/31/1913 - Lieutenant General Gaitenov, Valerian Mikhailovich
• 01/18/1914 - 10/05/1914 - Major General Tsibulsky, Avksenty Dmitrievich
• 10/05/1914 - 04/23/1915 - Lieutenant General Gaitenov, Valerian Mikhailovich (second time)
• 05/10/1915 - 03/28/1916 - Lieutenant General Gaitenov, Valerian Mikhailovich (for the third time)
• 05/12/1916 - 09/29/1916 - Major General Burman, Andrei Vladimirovich
• 10/10/1916 - Major General Lev Alekseevich Bogaevsky

• Rota Palace Grenadiers

• “Pleven and the Grenadiers on November 28, 1877.” / Ed. A.I. Manykina-Nevstroyeva. Moscow: University type. on Strastnoy Blvd., 1887. - Part 1 (compiled by K.A. Kondratovich), 223 p .; Part 2 (comp. I. Ya. Sokol), 62 p.
• Grenadiers // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Army Corps // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Corps, military unit // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Grokhov // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Highest orders
• V. I. Shteyngel , Desktop chronological index of decisions relating to the device of the Russian military ground forces. 1550 - 1890. St. Petersburg. . 1890 year
• A. Viskovatov , Historical description of clothing and weapons of the Russian troops. 2nd ed. SPb. 1899-1902. Part 1 - 19
• Lists of generals by seniority, 1872 - 1916.
• Lists of the General Staff, 1911 - 1917.
• Lists to colonels by seniority, 1901 - 1916.
• Schedule of the ground forces, 07/01/1903.
• Schedule of the ground forces, 02/01/1913.
• Schedule of ground forces, 01/01/1914.
• Svechin, Vladimir Konstantinovich // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
• Choglokov, Pavel Nikolaevich // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
• Shakhovskoy, Ivan Leontyevich // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
• "Yearbook of the Russian Army", part 1.
• A. A. Podmazo , Encyclopedia “Foreign Campaigns of the Russian Army, 1813 - 1815”
• V.V. Zvegintsov , Chronology of the Russian Army. 1700 - 1917. Paris . 1961 - 1962. Part 1 - 3.
• K.A. Zalessky . World War I. Rulers and military leaders. Biographical Encyclopedic Dictionary. 2000
• Military Encyclopedic Dictionary. M. , Military Publishing House , 1984. Battle of Galicia 1914, p. 178; Galich-Lviv operation 1914, p. 178; Lublin-Kholm operation, p. 411; Southwestern Front 1914 - 1917, p. 838;
• Shefov N.A. , 1000 battles and battles of Russian weapons. IX - XXI centuries. Battles of Russia - M .: AST, 2007
• M. V. Oskin , “History of the First World War”, M., “Veche”, 2014, p. 190 - 205
• Russian State Military Historical Archive (RGVIA), Fund: 14927, Inventory: 1 - 2, Unit Storage: 663, Case: 663, Date: 1814 - 1865

• Separate grenadier corps.
• Rackint V. Historical outline of the centenary service and life of the Grenadier sappers and their predecessors, pioneer 1797-1897. SPb. , 1898 on Runivers website
• On the uniform grenadier plaques
• 1812 uniform
• The Russian Army in the Great War: File Card Formations
• The site of the St. Petersburg genealogical portal, A list of generals, officers and class officials of the Grenadier Corps who participated in the battle of Plevna on November 28, 1877.
• Runivers website, 3rd Grenadier Corps.