The Komi-Yazvinsky language ( edch komi kөl ) is the Komi- yazvintse language spoken in the northeast of the Perm Territory , mainly on the territory of the Krasnovishersky district in the Yazev river basin. It is an adverb of the Komi-Permyak language , belonging to the Perm group of Finno-Ugric languages of the Ural family .
| Komi-Yazvin language | |
|---|---|
| Self name | yodch komi kөl |
| Country | Russia |
| Regions | Perm region |
| Total number of speakers | 2000-3000 (1960s) [1] |
| Classification | |
| Category | Languages of Eurasia |
Ural family
| |
| Writing | Cyrillic ( Komi writing ) |
| Language Codes | |
| GOST 7.75–97 | com 325 |
| ISO 639-1 | - |
| ISO 639-2 | - |
| ISO 639-3 | koi (as Komi-Permyak) |
| WALS | |
| Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger | |
| Linguasphere | |
| Glottolog | |
Content
Linguogeography
Range and abundance
In the early 1960s, about 2,000 carriers lived compactly on the territory of the Krasnovishersky district of the Perm Territory (Antipinsky, Parshakovskaya, Bychinskaya and Verkh-Yazvinskaya rural administrations) [1] . In total, there were about 3000 people who knew the language [1] .
Status
The presence of special vowels, the specificity of phonetics and the stress system made it possible for the Finnish linguist Arvid Genets , who studied the people in 1889 , and then the world-famous Finno- ugly speaker Vasily Ilyich Lytkin , who visited the Komi-Yazvintsev three times in 1949-1953 , to distinguish the Komi-Yazyvintse language special adverb [2] . Some researchers (in particular Batalova R.M.) consider it a dialect of the Komi-Permian language [3] [4] .
Features
Among the main features that sharply distinguish Komi-Yazvin from other Komi languages: in the field of phonetics - the presence of rounded vowels / ʉ / ⟨ӱ⟩, / ɵ / ⟨ӧ⟩ and the vowel / ɤ / ⟨ө⟩, the absence of common Perm / ɨ / ⟨ы ⟩; in the field of grammar - the end of the ablative - lan , the plural in - өз [3] . In many ways, the Komi-Yazvinsky closely adjoins the On'kovsky and Nizhnevvensky dialects of the southern dialect of the Komi-Permyak language [3] .
Writing
In 2003, with the support of the Perm Region Administration, the first Komi-Yazvinsky primer was published [5] . The author of the primer is Anna Lazarevna Parshakova, a teacher at Parshakovskaya secondary school. This primer was the first book published in the Komi-Yazvin language [6] .
Writing for the Komi-Yazvin language differs from the general writing of the Komi-Zyryan and Komi-Permyak languages. It is based on the Russian alphabet , contains additional letters Ӧ ӧ , Ө ө , Ӱ ӱ and digraphs JJ and DCh .
| A a | B b | In in | G r | D d | j | dc | Her |
| Her | F | S s | And and | Th | K to | L l | M m |
| N n | Oh oh | Ө ө | Ӧ ӧ | N p | R p | C s | T t |
| At | Ӱ ӱ | F f | X x | C c | H h | W sh | Y |
| B | S s | B b | Uh | Yoo | I am i |
Linguistic characteristic
Phonetics and Phonology
In Komi-Yazvinsky, the following consonant phonemes exist (between slashes, phonemes in the IPA ; in angle brackets, letters of the Cyrillic alphabet of 2003):
| Labial | Dental | Postalv. | Chambers. | Velar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | / m / ⟨М⟩ | / n / ⟨Н⟩ | / ɲ / ⟨Нь⟩ | |||||||
| Explosive | / p / ⟨P⟩ | / b / ⟨Б⟩ | / t / ⟨T⟩ | / d / ⟨Д⟩ | / tʲ / ⟨Ть⟩ | / dʲ / ⟨Ь⟩ | / k / ⟨to⟩ | / ɡ / ⟨Г⟩ | ||
| Affricates | / t͡s / ⟨(Q)⟩ | / t͡ʃ / ⟨Тш⟩ | / d͡ʒ / ⟨⟨⟩ | / t͡ɕ / ⟨Ch⟩ | / d͡ʑ / ⟨Dch⟩ | |||||
| Fricatives | / f / ⟨(F)⟩ | / v / ⟨at⟩ | / s / ⟨with⟩ | / z / ⟨З⟩ | / ʃ / ⟨Ш⟩ | / ʒ / ⟨Zh⟩ | / ɕ / ⟨Сь⟩ | / ʑ / ⟨З⟩ | / x / ⟨(X)⟩ | |
| Approximants | / l / ⟨Л⟩ | / j / ⟨Й⟩ | ||||||||
| Trembling | / r / ⟨R⟩ | |||||||||
Note : consonants ⟨ф⟩, ⟨ц⟩, ⟨х⟩ are used only in borrowings from Russian.
The digraph ⟨dch⟩ corresponds to the digraph ⟨dz⟩ of traditional Komi writing [7] .
| Front | Medium | Rear | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neoub. | Ogub. | Neoub. | Ogub. | Neoub. | Ogub. | |
| Top | / i / ⟨и,⟩ | / ʉ / ⟨ӱ⟩ [8] | / ɯ / ⟨ө⟩ [9] | / u / ⟨у, ю⟩ | ||
| Medium | / e / ⟨е, э⟩ | / ɵ / ⟨ӧ⟩ [8] | / ɤ / ⟨ө⟩ [8] | / o / ⟨о, ё⟩ | ||
| Lower | / a / ⟨a, i⟩ | |||||
The unbroken back vowel, written in the Cyrillic alphabet as ⟨ө⟩, is characterized either as an upper ascent [9] or as an average (lower-middle) ascent [8] [10] . In the first unstressed syllables it corresponds to Komi-Zyryan ⟨ы⟨, and in not first syllables it can correspond to any Komi-Zyryan vowel [9] .
The letters ⟨y, ⟩⟩ and iotated (I,,, ю,⟩,⟩ are used according to the same principle as in Russian. After the consonants unpaired in softness-hardness, the letters ⟨,,, я, ё,,,⟩ are not used. Use ( s) to denote the hardness of the previous consonant (analogues - in Komi-Zyryan (І⟩, in Udmurt ⟨ӥ⟩) were criticized due to the fact that such a designation may lead to a false conclusion about the presence of phoneme / s / in Komi-yazvinsky [11 ] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Lytkin, 1961 , p. 6.
- ↑ Lytkin, 1961 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Batalova, 1993 , p. 239.
- ↑ Kelmakov, 2004 , p. 135-136.
- ↑ Parshakova, 2003 .
- ↑ Batalina Julia. Every language in it ... // New companion. - 2003. - No. 32 (275) (September 9).
- ↑ Kelmakov, 2004 , p. 139.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Perm Languages, 1976 , p. 131-132.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Hausenberg, 1998 , p. 308.
- ↑ Kelmakov, 2004 , p. 137.
- ↑ Kelmakov, 2004 , p. 139-141.
Literature
- Batalova R. M. Komi-Permian language // World Languages: Uralic Languages / INR RAS. - M .: Nauka, 1993 .-- S. 239. - 398 p. - 1100 copies. - ISBN 5-02-011069-8 .
- Kelmakov V.K. Experience in writing for Komi-Yazvintsy (review) // Linguistica Uralica. - 2004. - T. XL , no. 2 . - S. 135-147 .
- Lobanova A. S., Kichigina K. S. Russian-Komi-Yazvin dictionary. - Perm: Perm State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University, 2012. - 244 p.
- Lytkin V.I. Komi-Yazvinsky dialect. - M .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1961 .-- 228 p.
- Parshakova A. L. Komi-Yazvinsky Primer. Training Edition. - Perm: Perm Book Publishing House, 2003. - 135 p.
- Perm Languages // Fundamentals of Finno-Ugric Linguistics / IJA USSR. - M .: Nauka, 1976. - T. 3. - S. 131-132. - 464 p. - 2000 copies.
- Hausenberg, Anu-Reet. Komi // The Uralic Languages / Daniel Abondolo. - Routledge, 1998. - ISBN 0-415-08198-X .