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Internet in Moldova

In Moldova, at present, 4 providers - Moldtelecom , StarNet , Orange and Arax - dominate the fixed-line Internet access market for individuals. Access to the Internet for legal entities is mainly occupied by three providers - Moldtelecom , Starnet and Arax. Also on the market there are several insignificant operators, working mainly in Chisinau. Most high-speed services are provided in many cities of Moldova. Moldtelecom is the only provider that provides its services completely throughout the country with the exception of PMR . In the PMR, the IDC operators (CJSC Interdnestrcom, throughout the territory of the PMR), LinkService LLC and Monitoring LLC (Bendery), Specialist LLC (Rybnitsa) operate in the services market.

History of the Internet in Moldova

The Internet in Moldova first appeared in 1995-1996, when the first providers “CRI” and “Relsoft Communications” began to provide access to the Internet. Prior to this, there were only internal networks.

In 1996, the first fiber-optic line was connected, connecting Chisinau and Bucharest . In 1998 Moldtelecom began to provide Internet services to the public. In 1999, Arax began providing Internet access through Dial-Up technology. In 2000, the Transnistrian operator Interdnestrcom began providing Internet access through Dial-Up . In 2003, StarNet was established . In 2004, Moldtelecom launched the service - MaxDSL - Internet access through ADSL technology. In the same year, SunCommunications began providing Internet access via a television cable. In 2006, StarNet began construction of a fiber optic network in Chisinau. In 2007, StarNet began providing Internet access through optical fiber. Also, starting to build its fiber-optic infrastructure in early 2007, at the end of the summer of that year, Arax began to provide Internet access through optical fiber. In May 2008, Moldtelecom launched the service - MaxFiber - Internet access via fiber.

Many providers are limited to the area where their centers are located. Four providers provide their services nationwide.

  • 1991 - domain registration moldova.su
  • 1992 - Relsoft and Arax founded
  • 1994 - register a domain .MD
  • 1995 - the first providers of CRI and Relsoft Communications begin to provide online Internet access in Chisinau
  • 1996 - since May 1996, Apriori launches the first two-way satellite channel and begins to provide Internet access services in Chisinau
  • 1996 - the first fiber line was drawn between Chisinau and Bucharest
  • 1998 - Moldtelecom begins providing Internet access. In Transnistria, access through Dial-Up begins to be provided by the Tiraspol Telecom State Enterprise [1] (only in Tiraspol and its suburbs)
  • 1999 - Arax and Moldova Net Communications begin to provide Internet access.
  • 2000 - Interdnestrcom begins to provide Internet access through Dial-Up in the territory of Transnistria and introduces the first digital telephone exchange [2] .
  • 2001 - The construction of an optical network in Transnistria began [2] .
  • 2002 - Moldtelecom launches the ISDN service, providing individuals and legal entities Internet access through the ISDN terminal at 64 Kbps and 128 Kbps speeds.
  • 2002 - Interdnestrcom modernizes telephone exchanges and increases the external channel of access to the Internet to 2 Mbps [3]
  • 2003 - Nordlinks and StarNet were founded. Interdnestrcom increased the channel to 3 Mbit / s [4] Interdnestrcom privatized the State Telecommunications Company of Transnistria [2] .
  • 2004 - Moldtelecom launches the MaxDSL service, Internet access through ADSL. Nordlinks connects customers using Wi-Fi and ADSL technology. SunCommunications begins to provide Internet access via a TV cable. Interdnestrcom increases the external access channel to the Internet to 11 Mbps [5] A fiber-optic data transmission network with a speed of 1 Gbit / s has been organized, combining Tiraspol, Bender and the regional centers of Transnistria. Starnet - the external channel reaches 30 Mbps.
  • 2005 - Nordlinks begins the construction of an optical network in the city of Balti and connects its first customers using FTTx technology. Interdnestrcom increases the external channel of Internet access to 22 Mbps [6] and begins to provide high-speed Internet access using ADSL technology [2] . Starnet - the external channel reaches 55 Mbps, the connection speed is up to 1 Mbps.
  • 2006 - Nordlinks begins to provide Internet services via fiber optic in the city of Balti . Interdnestrcom increases to 10 Gbit / s the bandwidth of the fiber optic ring in Tiraspol and the Tiraspol-Rybnitsa backbone [2] . StarNet begins construction of an optical ring in Chisinau. MD-IX increases from 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps. The external channel reaches 100 Mbps.
  • 2007 - Interdnestrcom built the main fiber-optic networks Tiraspol - Chitskany - Bender, Pervomaisk - Dniester, rural transport networks in Rybnitsky and Kamensky districts with a total length of 359 km [2] . StarNet and Arax are starting to provide Internet access through fiber optic. At Starnet, the external channel reaches 455 Mbps.
  • 2007 - MediaNet with 2 access technologies to the xDSL and FTTx Global Network entered the Chisinau Internet services and fixed-line market
  • 2008 - Moldtelecom launches the MaxFiber service, Internet access through optical fiber. Moldcell and Orange begin to provide access to high-speed mobile Internet in UMTS standard at speeds up to 7.2 Mbps. The external Starnet channel reaches 2 Gbps; all telephone exchanges are interconnected via fiber optic communication at a speed of 1-10 Gbit / s. Interconnection of operators through peering.
  • 2009 - In September, Orange increases the download speed of the UMTS network to 14.4 Mbit / s, and in December it again increases the speed to 21.6 Mbit / s [7] . The external Starnet channel reaches 10 Gb / s. Starnet introduces the social project “Wi-Fi for Chisinau” - the opening of 6 free Wi-Fi zones in Chisinau;
  • 2010 - In April, Unite begins to provide access to high-speed mobile Internet in the UMTS standard at speeds up to 14.4 Mbit / s. In May, begins to provide voice services in the UMTS standard; In May, Moldova ranks third in the ranking of countries with the fastest Internet access; In July, Orange conducts the first 4G tests in Chisinau [8] [9] ; In December, StarNet became the first provider of unlimited packets at a speed of 100 Mbit / s, the external channel reaches 30 Gbit / s. Opening of the fiber optic channel Moldova - Romania;
  • 2011 - Nordlinks introduces packages at speeds up to 100 Mbps and begins to provide landline telephony services. Moldtelecom implements packages at a speed of 100 Mbps. In August, IDC begins work on the development of FTTx networks [10]
  • 2012 - CJSC Interdnestrcom and Alcatel-Lucent at the presentation announced the launch of the first LTE network in Eastern Europe, deployed in the 800 MHz band, into commercial operation [11]
  • At the end of February 2018, between Chisinau and Bucharest, a 100 Gbps network connection was established in the order of 100% modernization of a previously existing channel [12]

Available Technologies

ADSL

  • Moldtelecom - provides a single package with maximum speed
  • Interdnestrcom is a Transnistrian telecommunications operator, which is the only provider that provides its Internet services using ADSL technology in all settlements in the territory of Transnistria [13] [14] . The provided packages have unlimited traffic (previously there were packages with limited traffic [15] [16] ), the price of packages does not depend on the region where the subscriber lives and is the same throughout the PMR.

Coaxial cable

  • SunCommunications (Orange Moldova) is a provider that provides Internet access through Coaxial cable and fiber. The company provides its services in three cities - Chisinau Balti and Cahul

Optical Fiber (FTTB)

  • StarNet is a pioneer in providing Internet access via fiber-optic cable to private individuals in the country. The service is available in many cities of Moldova
  • Moldtelecom is the main provider of optical fiber services in Moldova. The service is available in all cities of Moldova [17] .
  • Arax - One of several providers in Chisinau, providing Internet access services through an optical line. Arax is also the first provider to start providing the TriplePlay service (high-speed Internet + fixed telephony + Digital TV) [18] .
  • Interdnestrcom - offers connection to optical fiber (FTTH) to home users and individual entrepreneurs (without forming a legal entity) [19] .
  • Linkservice - providing Internet access services in Bender using FTTx technology since 2005 [20] .

Mobile Internet

First Generation

The first generation mobile Internet through CSD technology in GSM networks is provided by two operators - Moldcell and Orange . Internet access speed with this technology is 9.6 Kbps.

Second Generation

OperatorStandard and TechnologyFrequency rangeTop speedService Launch Date
(dd.mm.yyyy)		Coverage area
(down)(up)
IDCCDMA 1x800 MHz153 kbps153 kbps09/09/1999 [21]98% of the territory of Transnistria [22]
450 MHz05/01/2005 [23]85% of the territory of Transnistria [24]
UnitéCDMA 1x450 MHz153 kbps153 kbps03/01/2007 [25]94% of the territory of Moldova [26]
MoldcellGSM GPRS900 MHz and 1800 MHz56 kbps56 kbps01/31/2005 [27]96% of the territory of Moldova [28]
GSM EDGE236.8 Kbps236.8 Kbps06/07/2005 [29]all municipalities and district centers [28]
OrangeGSM GPRS900 MHz and 1800 MHz56 kbps56 kbps09/14/2005 [30]97.9% of the territory of Moldova [31]
GSM EDGE236.8 Kbps236.8 Kbps04/17/2006 [32]
EventisGSM GPRS900 MHz and 1800 MHz56 kbps56 kbps12/21/2007In February 2010, the license was suspended [33] .
GSM EDGE236.8 Kbps236.8 Kbps

Third Generation

The beginning of the development of the third generation mobile Internet can be considered March 1, 2007, when two operators of the CDMA standard, Unité and Interdniester , launched a similar type of service. A feature of mobile Internet is the lack of a direct physical connection with the infrastructure of the service provider and is provided to customers within the coverage area and cellular network capabilities. An interesting feature of connecting a subscriber to the third generation network in Moldova, regardless of the selected operator, is the requirement to present an identity card . Otherwise, the purchased package will be limited by the GSM network infrastructure of the Orange operator, W-CDMA connection will be available, but the throughput will be forcibly limited to 0.22 Mbit / s for incoming traffic and 0.17 Mbit / s for outgoing traffic in Moldcell network , the connection will be available using W-CDMA technology from the Unité operator, but the speed will be limited to 384 Kb / s [34] . Access to the Internet in the third generation network can be obtained using either a cellular modem of a mobile phone or a dedicated modem for servicing personal computers and other network equipment, provided that the radio module supports the device with appropriate communication technology.

JSC “Orange Moldova”, JSC “Moldcell” and JSC “Moldtelecom" for UMTS (WCDMA) of the third generation (3G) have 2 blocks of frequencies 2x14.8 MHz (paired) and one block of 5 MHz (unpaired) in the frequency bands 1900-1980 / 2110-2170 MHz, 1900-1920 MHz and 2010-2025 MHz. [35]

OperatorStandard and TechnologyFrequency rangeTop speedService Launch Date
(dd.mm.yyyy)		Coverage area
(down)(up)
IDCCDMA EV-DO Rev. 0800 MHz2.4 Mbps153 kbps03/01/2007 [36]75% of the territory of Transnistria [37]
450 MHz50% of the territory of Transnistria
CDMA EV-DO Rev. A800 MHz3.1 Mbps1.8 Mbps03/21/2011 [38]
450 MHz
UnitéCDMA EV-DO Rev. 0450 MHz2.4 Mbps153 kbps03/01/2007 [39]all municipalities and district centers [2]
CDMA EV-DO Rev. A450 MHz3.1 Mbps1.8 Mbps03/01/2010 [40]3 channels × 1.25 MHz [41]
UMTS HSPA2100 MHz14.4 Mbps5.76 Mbps03/01/2010 [40]
42 Mbps5.76 Mbps03/29/2013 [42]
MoldcellUMTS HSPA2100 MHz7.2 Mbps2 Mbps10/01/20088 cities of Moldova
21.1 Mbps5.76 Mbps05/31/2011 [43]35 districts and municipalities of the country
42 Mbps5.76 Mbps02/03/2017 [44]
OrangeUMTS HSPA2100 MHz7.2 Mbps2.0 Mbps11/01/200828% of the territory of Moldova [45]
14.4 Mbps5.76 Mbps09/02/2009 [46]30 settlements of the country
21.1 Mbps5.76 Mbps12/21/2009 [47]70% of the population
42 Mbps5.76 Mbps05/27/2011 [48]in most cities with Orange 3G + Internet coverage

Fourth Generation

On June 17, 2011, between the companies of CJSC Interdnestrcom and Alcatel-Lucent Ukraine, a contract was signed on the construction of a 4th generation mobile cellular network based on LTE technology in Transnistria. 4G in Transnistria! On December 29, 2011, within the framework of the project for the construction of a fourth-generation wireless network, the company made the first test call using LTE technology in the 800 MHz band. As a result of subsequent test calls, a data transfer rate of over 40 Mbps LTE in Tiraspol was obtained ! On April 20, 2012, CJSC Interdnestrcom and Alcatel-Lucent at the presentation announced the launch of the first LTE network in Eastern Europe, deployed in the 800 MHz band, for commercial launch 4G launch , and on April 21, 2012 the first subscriber of the new LTE network First 4G subscriber! Starting May 15, 2012, a demo point was launched for clients of Interdnestrcom at the Key Client Service Center in Tiraspol LTE Test Drive Actual DL / UL speeds up to 54.5 / 12.74 Mbit / s Mobile Internet speed comparison table ( IDC and Orange operators)

On June 27, 2012 ANRCETI Moldova publishes a draft Decision of the Governing Body on establishing the number of licenses for the use of radio channels / frequencies in the bands 2500-2690 MHz and 3600-3800 MHz. The project provides for the issuance by ANRCETI of three licenses for the use of radio channels / frequencies in the band 2500-2690 MHz, frequency sub-bands: 2500-2520 / 2620-2640 MHz; 2520-2540 / 2640-2660 MHz and 2540-2560 / 2660-2680 MHz with a width of 40 MHz (in FDD mode - frequency division duplex , 2x20 MHz) and one license for the use of radio channels / frequencies in the band 3600-3800 MHz, frequency sub-bands : 3750-3800 MHz with a width of 50 MHz (in TDD mode - time division duplex ). [49]

OperatorStandard and TechnologyFrequency rangeTop speedService Launch Date
(dd.mm.yyyy)		Coverage area
(down)(up)
IDCLTE 4G cat.3 [11]800 MHz (band 20)5512.504/20/2012about 50% of the territory of Transnistria [50]
LTE 4G cat. four1505004/05/2017
MoldcellLTE 4G cat.32600 MHz (band 7)15050November 9, 2012 [51]14% of the population of Moldova

(to the beginning of 2014) [52]

LTE 4G cat.537515007/17/2017 [53]
OrangeLTE 4G cat.32600 MHz (band 7)10050November 9, 2012 [51]
LTE 4G cat.41505002/28/2014 [54]28% of the population of Moldova

(to the beginning of 2014) [52]

UnitéLTE 4G +1800 MHz (band 3)17510/22/2015 [55]Chisinau, Balti, Edinet, Cahul, Hincesti, Comrat, Ialoveni, Tires, Magpies, Ungeni, Vulcanesti and Chadyr-Lunga [56]

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi wireless access services in Moldova are provided:

1) Free Orange Wi-Fi [1]

2) Moldcell Wi-Fi [2]

3) Starnet Wi-Fi [3]

4) ITNS companies. NET SRL under the trademark Liberty Wi-Fi [57] .

The Liberty Wi-Fi network is constantly evolving and covers most of Chisinau, the capital of Moldova.

Liberty Wi-Fi currently offers prepaid internet access.

Most Common Providers

Provider [58]ADSLCableFTTBWifiMobileTop speed
Downloads
( English download )		Recoil
( English upload )
Moldtelecom (without Unité )+-+--1000 Mbps [59]1000 Mbps [59]
Starnet+ *-++-1000 Mbps [60]1000 Mbps [60]
Arax+ *-+--100 Mbps100 Mbps
Orange (4G / LTE)--+++<300 Mbps<300 Mbps
SunCommunications (EuroDOCSIS)-++--300 Mbps100 Mbps
Unite (4G / LTE)----+<175 Mbps<50 Mbps
Internestrcom+-+++100 Mbps [61]100 Mbps [61]
Moldcell (4G / LTE)--+-+<370 Mbps<150 Mbps
* - Provided earlier

Statistics

 
General Statistical Charts (2008)

According to statistics, at the end of 2009, there were approximately 1,295,000 Internet service users in Moldova. The total Internet penetration in the country is 29.9%. According to ANRCETI for the third semester (Q3) of 2010 in Moldova (excluding Transnistria) 244 thousand users of Broadband Internet and 105.9 thousand users of mobile Internet were registered. Moldtelecom JSC accounts for 58.9% of this market, StarNet - 18.4%, Orange Moldova - 3.9%, other operators - 18.7% [62] . According to the company Interdnestrcom, by the fall of 2009, 35 thousand Internet subscribers were registered in Transnistria [63] . According to internal statistics, as of March 2004, about 183 Internet cafes were operating in Chisinau, but in the following years their number dropped sharply as computers and the Internet became much cheaper. Currently, the total throughput of StarNet’s external channels is 60 Gb / s, Moldtelecom’s is 40 Gb / s, Interdnestrcom’s 30 Gb / s, Orange is ~ 12 Gb / s, DanisNet is 3 Gb / s, Приднестровских Мониторига+Специалиста+Скайнета порядка 0,4 Гбит/с (около тысячи абонентов сети Интернет), Линксервиса порядка 1 Гбит/с (больше 2 тысяч абонентов сети Интернет) [64] .

В 2007 году в Молдавии было зарегистрировано 28 интернет-провайдеров, в 2017 году - 80 действующих поставщиков услуг широкополосного фиксированного Интернет доступа [65]

Таблица внизу показывает количество пользователей Интернета в стране начиная с 2000 года по сегодня. Статистические данные предоставлены ITU и НАРЭКИТ

YearКоличество пользователейКоличество Broadband пользователейНаселение [66]ПроникновениеДанные от:
2000~52,000нет данных~3,644,0701.4 %ITU [67]
2004~406,000~2,400~3,607,43511.2 %ITU [68]
2005~550,000~10,400~3,600,43615.2 %ITU [69]
2006~727,000~21,800~3,589,93620.2 %ITU [70]
2007~750,000~47,200~3,581,11020.9 %ITU [71]
2008~850,000~115,200~3,572,70323.39 % / 3,40%ITU [72]
2009~1,295,000~186,700~3,567,51227,5% % / 5,23%ITU [73] / ANRCETI
2010нет данных~269,100~3,563,69532,3% / 7,55%ITU [74] / ANRCETI
2011нет данных~355,100~3,560,40038,00% / 9,97%ANRCETI [75]
2012нет данных~417,200~3,559,50043,37% / 11,72%ANRCETI [76]
2014нет данных~509,200~3,557,63414,3%ANRCETI
2015нет данных~534,400~3,555,15915%ANRCETI
2016нет данных~542,200~3,553,05615,3%ANRCETI
2017нет данных~569,100~3,550,85216% [77]ANRCETI [4]
 * Без численности населения районов левобережья Днестра и мун. Бендер. (без учёта населения Приднестровья)
** Проникновение указано для индивидуальных пользователей по данным ITU и на 100 тыс. жителей по данным НАРЭКИТ

В Молдове в первой половине 2018 года количество пользователей:

- широкополосного мобильного Интернета - около 2 млн. 584,8 тыс.

- мобильного Интернета через выделенный доступ - 318,3 тыс.

- на основе технологии 4G (через смартфон и выделенный доступ) - 796,3 тыс.

- the penetration rate of broadband mobile Internet access per 100 residents of the republic - 72.8%. [78]

In Transnistria : The number of data transmission network subscribers connected to the global Internet as of July 1, 2017 was ~ 118.3 thousand (of which ~ 115.6 thousand were individuals) [79] .

The number of subscribers of the Internet on Optics service of Internestrcom as of September 2018 exceeded 52 thousand. [80]

About 130 thousand Transnistrians can be considered active users of the 3G / 4G mobile Internet in 2017. [81]

Market structure by technology: [82]

YearxDSLTv cableFTTB / LANWireless
2007 Q477.7%10.4%11.4%0.6%
2008 Q478.2%6.2%15.5%0.1%
2009 Q472.4%4.4%22.8%0.4%
2010 Q462.4%2.8%34.2%0.6%
2011 Q455.4%4.6%39.7%0.3%
2012 Q448.7%5.6%46.2%0.6%
2017 Q235.2%7.1%57.3%0.4% [77]

* Existing statistics may change when new data appears!

Most popular resources:
According to the information company Alexa Internet, the most popular sites in Moldova in January 2014 were: [83]

  1. youtube.com
  2. google.md
  3. google.com
  4. odnoklassniki.ru
  5. facebook.com
  6. mail.ru
  7. neobux.com
  8. vk.com
  9. yandex.ru
  10. 999.md

Domains

  • Com.md - commercial agents (companies) from the Republic of Moldova are registered in this subdomain.
  • Srl.md - legal entities from the Republic of Moldova with LLC status are registered in this subdomain
  • Sa.md - in this submenu legal entities from the Republic of Moldova with the status of a Joint Stock Company are registered.
  • Net.md - in this subdomain legal entities from the Republic of Moldova are registered that provide Internet services (provaider) in the Republic of Moldova, which are owners of computer network nodes.
  • Org.md - organizations not included in the above domains are registered in this subdomain, such as charities, commercial companies, non-governmental organizations, political groups, educational councils, professional institutions from the Republic of Moldova.
  • Acad.md - scientific institutions and educational institutions from the Republic of Moldova are registered in this subdomain, namely: universities, colleges, schools, educational organizations and consortia. Academic and educational institutions financed from the state budget are registered free of charge, the rest - at approved rates.

Notes

  1. ↑ Tiraspol Telecom homepage
  2. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Events Archived June 24, 2011 on Wayback Machine
  3. ↑ LOGOS-PRESS No. 35 (483) - September 27, 2002 - Commercial Register
  4. ↑ News Digest :: IT Portal Build your Server.MD!
  5. ↑ We are 5 years old! Archived July 13, 2011 on Wayback Machine
  6. ↑ Changes in international call rates Archived November 30, 2010 on Wayback Machine
  7. ↑ Orange introduces the Internet 3G + 21 Mbit / s
  8. ↑ Together to 4G
  9. ↑ Orange held the second 4G demo presentation in Moldova
  10. ↑ Optics with delivery! Archived September 25, 2011 on Wayback Machine
  11. ↑ 1 2 Launch 4G Archived June 14, 2012 on Wayback Machine
  12. ↑ User, Super . Moldova connected to the GÉANT 100 Gb / s fiber optic network - MyBusiness.md - Online Business Magazine in Moldova (Russian) . Date of appeal September 27, 2018.
  13. ↑ Welcome to Interdniester!
  14. ↑ Tariff Plans (USD) Archived May 5, 2011 to Wayback Machine
  15. ↑ twitter
  16. ↑ Tariff Plans (USD) Archived August 7, 2010 on the Wayback Machine
  17. ↑ Moldtelecom / Tariff plans
  18. ↑ SETI TM | SETI Fasternet - High Speed ​​Internet Into Every Home Archived July 22, 2011 on Wayback Machine
  19. ↑ FTTH Archived August 24, 2010 on the Wayback Machine
  20. ↑ Linkservice ( unopened ) . www.links.md. Date of appeal September 1, 2018.
  21. ↑ We are 5 years old! Archived November 30, 2010 on Wayback Machine
  22. ↑ http://idknet.com/images/idc/maps/karta_800.jpg (unavailable link)
  23. ↑ Launch of CDMA-450 for commercial use Archived November 30, 2010 on Wayback Machine
  24. ↑ Archived copy (unopened) (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment April 16, 2009. Archived December 2, 2011.
  25. ↑ Unité - Mobile Communications Operator CDMA2000 Archived June 24, 2009 on Wayback Machine
  26. ↑ Unité - Mobile Communications Operator CDMA2000 Archived October 18, 2010 on Wayback Machine
  27. ↑ Moldcell offers MMS and MMI (GPRS) services :: NEWS :: IT Portal Build your Server.MD!
  28. ↑ 1 2 Coverage map | Moldcell
  29. ↑ Pagina principala |
  30. ↑ Noutati - VOXTEL SA
  31. ↑ coverage map
  32. ↑ News - VOXTEL SA
  33. ↑ News | ANRCETI
  34. ↑ Tariffs - Unité - Mobile Communications Operator Archived copy of August 27, 2011 on the Wayback Machine
  35. ↑ RESOLUTION on approval of the Radio Frequency Spectrum Management Program for 2013-2020 (neopr.) . Monitor Official No. 31-35 / 161 (February 15, 2013).
  36. ↑ Test Operation EV-DO Archived June 2, 2009 by Wayback Machine
  37. ↑ IDC Radio Coverage Cards (unspecified) . Date of treatment February 8, 2014.
  38. ↑ EV-DO Rev.A Technology | Website of official forums of the company Interdnestrcom
  39. ↑ en.unite.md
  40. ↑ 1 2 National telecom operator Moldtelecom launches 3G services Archived copy of August 25, 2010 on Wayback Machine
  41. ↑ RESOLUTION on approval of the Radio Frequency Spectrum Management Program for 2013-2020 (neopr.) . Monitor Official (February 15, 2013).
  42. ↑ 42 Mbps
  43. ↑ Orange introduces the Internet 3G + 21 Mbit / s
  44. ↑ Parametrii de calitate | Moldcell (neopr.) . www.moldcell.md. Date of treatment October 5, 2017.
  45. ↑ Coverage map
  46. ↑ 14.4 Mbps
  47. ↑ Orange prezinta retea Internet 3G + de 21 Mbps
  48. ↑ 42 Mbps
  49. ↑ Public consultation on the project on establishing the number of licenses for the use of radio channels / frequencies in the bands 2500-2690 MHz and 3600-3800 MHz
  50. ↑ IDC 4G coverage map (neopr.) . Date of treatment February 8, 2014.
  51. ↑ 1 2 ANRCETI issued two licenses for the provision of 4G networks and services (neopr.) .
  52. ↑ 1 2 Vitaliy Bobok. Development of broadband access in the Republic of Moldova. Normative and regulatory aspects. with. 8 (unopened) . Ministry of Information Technologies and Communications of the Republic of Moldova (February 19, 2015).
  53. ↑ Parametrii de calitate | Moldcell (neopr.) . www.moldcell.md. Date of treatment October 5, 2017.
  54. ↑ Orange has increased the speed of its 4G Mobile Internet to 150 Mbps (neopr.) .
  55. ↑ Unite 4G + (unopened) .
  56. ↑ 4G + - Unité - Mobile communications operator (unspecified) (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment November 21, 2016. Archived June 10, 2016.
  57. ↑ Liberty Wi-Fi Archived April 13, 2009 on Wayback Machine
  58. ↑ Data and Internet Access Sector - ANRCETI
  59. ↑ 1 2 Tariff plans | Moldtelecom
  60. ↑ 1 2 Starnet Promo Page
  61. ↑ 1 2 IDC | Tariff plans "Optics"
  62. ↑ Moldova increases the number of broadband Internet users "News" Daynews.md (inaccessible link)
  63. ↑ We are 10 years old! (inaccessible link)
  64. ↑ Robtex
  65. ↑ The proportion of subscribers of fixed Internet access services that allow data transfer rates from 30 to 100 MB / s exceeded 50% | ANRCETI (neopr.) . en.anrceti.md. Date of treatment October 5, 2017.
  66. ↑ population
  67. ↑ International Telecommunication Union - BDT
  68. ↑ International Telecommunication Union - BDT
  69. ↑ International Telecommunication Union - BDT
  70. ↑ International Telecommunication Union - BDT
  71. ↑ International Telecommunication Union - BDT
  72. ↑ International Telecommunication Union - BDT
  73. ↑ International Telecommunication Union - BDT
  74. ↑ International Telecommunication Union - BDT
  75. ↑ Transport date şi acces la Internet
  76. ↑ Market Development: Fixed Internet and Data Transfer
  77. ↑ 1 2 Proportion of subscribers of fixed Internet access services (unspecified) .
  78. ↑ Consumption of mobile broadband Internet access reached a significant increase in the first half of 2018 | ANRCETI (neopr.) . en.anrceti.md. Date of appeal September 12, 2018.
  79. ↑ Yearbook of the State Statistics Service | Ministry of Economic Development of the Transnistrian Moldavian Republic (Russian) . mer.gospmr.org. Date of treatment October 5, 2017.
  80. ↑ IDC | Press release 2018 (Russian) . idc.md. Date of appeal September 12, 2018.
  81. ↑ IDC | Press release 2017 (Russian) . www.idknet.com. Date of appeal September 1, 2018.
  82. ↑ Market Development: Data Transmission and Internet Access Sector | ANRCETI
  83. ↑ Alexa - Top Sites in Moldova

Links

  • Articles on the Internet in the Republic of Moldova
  • Directory of Internet providers in Moldova
  • ANRCETI
  • ITNS / Liberty-WiFi
  • Moldtelecom
  • Arax
  • Starnet
  • Ok
  • Suncommunications
  • The first commercial network based on LTE technology launched in Transnistria
Source - https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Internet_ in Moldova&oldid = 101381975


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Clever Geek | 2019