Otto Brunfels ( German: Otto Brunfels , also Brunsfels , Braunfels ), approx. 1488 or 1489, near Mainz in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany - December 23, 1534 , Bern , Switzerland ) - German theologian and botanist . Carl Linney called him one of the .
| Otto Brunfels | |
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| him. Otto brunfels | |
 Otto Brunfels at the age of 46 | |
| Date of Birth | OK. 1488 or 1489 |
| Place of Birth | OK. Mainz |
| Date of death | December 23, 1534 |
| Place of death | Berne |
| A country | |
| Scientific field | theology , botany |
| Alma mater | |
| Taxonomy of wildlife | |
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The names of the plants described by him may be marked by the abbreviation " Brunfels " From the point of view of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, the scientific names of plants published before May 1, 1753 are not considered truly published, and this reduction is practically not found in modern scientific literature. Personal page on IPNI website |
Content
Early years
After studying theology and philosophy at the University of Mainz , Brunfels went to the Carthusian monastery in Mainz, and then to the same in Königshofen near Strasbourg . In Strasbourg, he met with who studied law there. Herbel turned Brunfels's attention to the medicinal power of plants, and this prompted Brunfels to his future botanical studies.
Life and Science
After the transition to Protestantism (in this he was supported by Franz von Sikkingen and Ulrich von Gutten ), under the auspices of Dean Frankfurt John of Indagine, Brunfels began to serve in Steinau an der Strasse (1521), and later in Neuenburg an der Rhein . Then, for eight years, he led the Carmelite School in Strasbourg. In the list of major heretics published by the University of Leuven in 1550 , Brunfels was the first.
In one of his works, he defended Ulrich von Gutten from Erasmus of Rotterdam , then published the manuscript left by Jan Hus . The Brunfels Catalogi virorum illustrium (1527) is considered the first book in the history of the evangelical church .
After the death of Ulrich von Gutten in 1523, the religious views of Brunfels led him to disputes with Martin Luther and Zwingli .
Later, he began studying medicine at the University of Basel (he received the title of Doctor of Medicine ( MD ) in 1530). In 1532, Brunfels became a city doctor in Bern, where he remained until the end of his days. In the last years of his life, one of his students was Jacob Dietrich Müller, later known as Jacob Theodor Tabernemontanus (c. 1522-1590), the author of the famous herbalist.
In addition to numerous theological works, Brunfels published treatises on pedagogy , Arabic , pharmaceuticals and botany .
He is often called the father of botany, because in his botanical writings he not only refers to the heritage of ancient authors, but to his own observations, and on the basis of the latter describes plants. He collected German flora by means of herbarization during botanical studies and described it, although without any system, under the title Live images of herbs ( lat.Herbarum vivae icones ad naturae imitationem summa cum diligentia et artificio effigiatae , Strasbourg, 1530-1536, 3 volumes, in folio , and German: Contrafayt Kräuterbuch , 1532-1537, in two parts (German) ). In this work, Brunfels divided the plants into “perfect” (that is, having flowers) and “imperfect” (lacking them). German plants are represented by woodcuts by and are named after the people in German. Modern American ResearcherDwayne Iselie , however, attributes most of Brunfels’s popularity to Waiditz, whose engravings set a new standard because they were made from nature - unlike copies from previous works [1] .
Brunfels also introduced into scientific circulation information about German plants that Dioscorides did not have, and described plants regardless of their medical value, although these descriptions were often very poor.
The genus of plants of Brunfelsia ( Brunfelsia ) of the Solanaceae family is named after him.
Proceedings
- Othonis Brvnfelsii Pro Vlricho Hutteno defuncto ad Erasmi Roter. Spongiam Responsio (1523) (lat.)
- Processus consistorialis Martyrii Io. Huss (1524) (lat.)
- same in German: Geistl. Bluthandel Iohannis Hussz zu Constenz (1524 or 1525) (German)
- Catalogi virorum illustrium veteris et novi testamenti (1527) (lat.)
- Catechesis puerorum in fide, in literis et in moribus (1529) (lat.)
- Herbarum vivae eicones, 3 volumes (1530-1536) (lat.)
- Catalogus illustrium medicorum seu de primis medicinae scriptoribus (1530) (lat.)
- Iatron medicamentorum simplicium (1533) (lat.)
- Contrafayt Kreüterbuch (mit naturgetreuen Abb. V. Hans Weiditz), 2 volumes., (1532-1537) (German)
- Onomastikon medicinae, continens omnia nomina herbarum, fruticum etc. (1534) (lat.)
- Epitome medices, summam totius medicinae complectens (1540) (lat.)
- In Dioscoridis historiam plantarum certissima adaptatio (1543) (lat.)
Notes
- ↑ Duane Isely, One hundred and one botanists (Iowa State University Press, 1994), pp. 17-19.
Literature
- Brunnfels, Otto // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Meyers Konversationslexikon 1888-1889 (German)
- Jahn, I. Geschichte der Biologie. Spektrum 2000 (German)
- Mägdefrau, K. Geschichte der Botanik. Fischer 1992 (German)
Links
- Otto Brunfels at Deutsche Nationalbibliothek (inaccessible link) (German)
- Otto Brunfels in Kirschenlexikon (German)