S-Bahn ( German S-Bahn from German Stadtbahn , German Stadtschnellbahn or German Schnellbahn ), city metropolitan railway (unlike U-Bahn , underground railway) [1] [2] [3] [4 ] - used as urban , suburban and short-distance intercity transport, one of the types of rail systems in Germany , Austria and Switzerland , having analogues in other countries under the names city rail (cityrail), city electric train (using both electric trains and rail buses ) , London Overhead , etc.
S-Bahn occupies an intermediate position between city public transport and classic commuter trains and uses the usual railway lines within and outside the city, and often has separate routes for its needs. S-Bahn rolling stock are electric (less often diesel) trains of railway dimensions and sizes. S-Bahn trains are equipped with a rooftop pantograph , except for the Hamburg and Berlin electrified third rail systems. S-Bahn tracks and stations can be either above ground or above and below ground, which in the latter case makes it indistinguishable from the subway. Distances between S-Bahn stations, as a rule, are less than those between regional train stations ( Regionalbahn ), and are greater than or equal to those in subways , light rail and street modes of public transport ( trams , buses , etc.). As a rule, the entrance to the S-Bahn cars is located on the same level as the apron.
Content
Distribution
The first S-Bahn was opened in Berlin in December 1930 . Historically, S-Bahn is especially common in Germany , Austria and Switzerland . In Germany, the S-Bahn is a division of German Railways ( Deutsche Bahn AG ). Some of the largest airports in the world are also linked to their cities by S-Bahn Aeroexpress .
Germany
In Germany, there are seventeen [5] S-Bahn systems, many of which serve several cities at once.
List of systems:
- S-Bahn Berlin ( Berlin )
- S-Bahn Bremen ( Bremen )
- S-Bahn Hamburg ( Hamburg )
- S-Bahn Hannover ( Hannover )
- S-Bahn Dresden ( Dresden )
- S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland ( Leipzig and Halle )
- S-Bahn Magdeburg ( Magdeburg )
- S-Bahn München ( Munich )
- S-Bahn Nürnberg ( Nuremberg )
- S-Bahn Rhein-Main ( Frankfurt am Main - Hanau - Offenbach - Darmstadt - Mainz - Wiesbaden )
- S-Bahn RheinNeckar ( Mannheim - Ludwigshafen - Heidelberg )
- S-Bahn Rhein-Ruhr ( Düsseldorf and Ruhr , several routes to Cologne )
- S-Bahn Rhein-Sieg ( Cologne )
- S-Bahn Rostock ( Rostock )
- S-Bahn Stuttgart ( Stuttgart )
- S-Bahn Köln (Ruhrschnellverkehr)
Austria
In Austria, S-Bahn systems are available in Vienna , Salzburg , Innsbruck .
Vienna S-Bahn - a network of city and suburban electric trains - opened on January 17, 1962 and in 2007 it has 5 intra-city routes and 9 suburban lines (excluding branches) (line lengths from 26 to 85 km). Since 1984, a common tariff system has been used in public transport throughout the Vienna metropolitan area, which makes it convenient to use the S-Bahn in combination with the metro, tram and bus . Inside Vienna, the S-Bahn main corridor maintains a clock interval of 7.5 minutes.
The Vienna Transport System Was opened earlier in 1898 as a steam railway network in the city, fully integrated with the railway network. In the 1920s It was isolated from the main railways, converted to electric traction and became an urban railway using tram-type rolling stock. The system was closed in the 1980s , Stadtbahn lines are included in the subway (lines U6, U4) and S-Bahn (suburban line S45).
Similar systems in other countries.
Russia
The name "S-Bahn" in Russia does not apply. In most cases (including officially - for example, in Nizhny Novgorod, Perm, Yekaterinburg and Krasnoyarsk) the system is given the name "urban electric train". Also, in most cases, systems are officially considered a form of urban transport. The names "urban train" and "ground metro" are often used even if non-electrified trains or rail buses are used as rolling stock on the routes.
The first close project implemented before the revolution was the Oranienbaum Electric Line in St. Petersburg. Also a close analogue of the S-Bahn was the Beskudnikovskaya railway line , which existed in Moscow until 1987. Trains running along it did not go to the main directions, so it was a pure form of urban transport. Also in Moscow there is a route of the inter-city electric train Kievskiy station - Novoperedelkino (since 2013) and the Moscow Central Ring line integrated with the metro (since 2016).
In Russia, with a certain degree of approximation to systems similar to S-Bahn, intra-city or intra-agglomeration routes of electric trains and rail buses in Yekaterinburg , Novomoskovsk , Volgograd , Sochi , Kazan , Vladivostok , Krasnoyarsk , Nizhny Novgorod [6] , Novosibirsk , Perm , Rostov- on-Don , Ryazan , St. Petersburg , Ufa , Chelyabinsk , Kaliningrad [7] [8] , as well as some routes of electric trains (including the so-called “interurban” REKS ) in the Moscow junction to Zelenograd , Mytishchi , Elektrostal , Noginsk , Ramenskoye , F leznodorozhnogo , Odintsova , Pushkina and to airports Vnukovo , Domodedovo and Sheremetyevo (t. n. " aeroexpresses "). In Zheleznogorsk (Krasnoyarsk-26) there is a departmental line of the city electric train to the mining and chemical plant, which is not public transport.
In the Moscow hub and a number of other cities in Russia, it is planned to organize several more routes of the city train . In the Vladivostok agglomeration, it is planned to organize a high-speed city train.
Other CIS countries
A system similar in function to the S-Bahn is the Stepnogorsk city electric train in Kazakhstan . It is planned to organize a city electric train-aeroexpress in Bishkek in Kyrgyzstan , a ground metro combined with railway, to the nearest suburbs in Chisinau in Moldova . The system of city electric trains (City Lines or City lines ) operates in Minsk (opened July 1, 2011 ) [9] . Also, since 2011, the city electric train has been operating in Kiev from the Darnitsa station along the ring route.
Europe
Systems that are or similar to S-Bahn have cities in many countries. So, Copenhagen and its environs are served by the S-tog system . In France, there is a RER system ( French Réseau Express Régional , regional express network). In Paris , RER trains use tunnels (the RER system is largely integrated with the Paris metro), and they come to the surface outside the city. To date, there are five RER lines serving Paris and the Ile-de-France region of Paris. In London - London overhead . In Belgium, an RER-like system is currently underway with a center in Brussels . Similar systems to the S-Bahn are available in Hungary ( HEV ), Italy ( Passante ), Poland ( Szybka Kolej Miejska ), Switzerland and other countries. Among the latest S-Bahn systems created in Europe is the city train in Belgrade , opened in 2010 . The circular movement of the city electric train in Kiev has been launched [10] , it is planned to organize electric power stations in Kharkov and other cities of Ukraine .
North America
In North America, the initially widespread use of railway transport in cities in the form of both urban elevated train systems and the first metro lines, as well as commuter-urban electric train lines fell into decay during violent motorization even after World War II. The “elevated” lines were either eliminated (replaced by underground metro lines), or became part of the subway systems in the form of their above-ground / above-ground sections.
Since the 1980s, there has been an increase in popularity - as suburban-urban railway transport systems in the United States, of which there are more than twenty as of 2010 and which are known as English. commuter rail (from the word eng. commuting - pendulum migration ), and the remaining "overhead", known as eng. El (from the word Eng. Elevated - raised) and having signs of both S-Bahn and the underground (or light metro). In the metropolitan area of San Francisco, there is also a BART commuter train system that has metro sections in cities.
Asia
Similar systems of separate or closely integrated metro trains, as well as aeroexpress trains, operate in Hong Kong , Singapore , Japan and other countries.
In 2014, in the capital of Mongolia, Ulan-Bator , based on the existing railway infrastructure of the Trans-Mongolian railway , passing within the city, the Ulan-Bator city railway was created .
See also
- Subway
- Light rail
- Overpass transport
- Rer
Notes
- ↑ The word "Schnellbahn" in the German-Russian Dictionary
- ↑ Schnellbahn Network: All Munich S-and U-Bahn lines. (Schnellbahnnetz: Alle S- und U-Bahnlinien im gesamten MVV auf einen Blick). (German)
- ↑ Hamburg has a well-developed network of Schnellbahn S- and U-Bahnen and AKN. (Hamburg hat ein gut ausgebautes Schnellbahn-Netz aus S- und U-Bahnen und der AKN). Archived on May 15, 2007. (German)
- ↑ Schnellbahn Vienna: Official Vienna S-Bahn. (Schnellbahn Wien: Die offizielle Wiener S-Bahn.) Archived July 13, 2009. (German)
- ↑ S-Bahnen in Deutschland (German) // Wikipedia. - 2016-08-03.
- ↑ Starting June 24, in Nizhny Novgorod, a new project of JSC “VVPPK” “City electric train”
- ↑ In Kaliningrad, the first branch of the ground underground Opened . Klops.ru (03/26/2014).
- ↑ From March 26, in Kaliningrad, a railbus will start walking from ul. Kiev to the North Station . Kaliningrad.ru (03.24.2014).
- ↑ Archived copy (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment November 22, 2011. Archived on April 9, 2012. Belarusian railway opens regular movement of electric trains of city lines
- ↑ Page_NOVIN