Pavlenko, Pyotr Andreevich

Born on June 29 ( July 11 ), 1899 in St. Petersburg in the family of a railway employee. Due to the illness of the mother, the family was forced to move to Tiflis (Tbilisi) , which P. Pavlenko himself considered his second homeland. Mother soon died. Peter and his father lived in the poorest area of ​​the city, in the so-called. Nakhalovka, populated mainly by railway workers.

He graduated from a real school (1917). He studied at the Polytechnic in Baku ( 1917 - 1920 ).

In 1920 he joined the party. He served as a commissar in the Red Army , and after demobilization he spent several years on party work in Azerbaijan and Georgia. In 1924 he was a delegate to the XIII Party Congress from Transcaucasia. At the same time, began to be published - first in the Red Army newspaper "Red Warrior", then in the newspaper " Dawn of the East ". He wrote essays and articles on party issues.

From 1924 to 1927 he worked in Turkey in the Soviet trade mission. Based on the material of Turkish impressions, the first stories and the book of essays “Istanbul and Turkey” were written. Upon returning to Moscow in 1928, he joined the “Pass” group , from which he left in December 1930.

In 1930, the novel "Desert" was published, written on the basis of a trip to Turkmenistan.

In 1932, P. Pavlenko’s first novel, The Barricades, was published, dedicated to the events of the Paris Commune . In 1932, Pavlenko met with A.M. Gorky .

In 1932, after a trip to the Far East, the novel “In the East” was published, which was well received by readers.

At the same time, P. Pavlenko begins to try his hand at cinema dramaturgy: he writes a script based on the novel “In the East”, then scripts for the films “ Alexander Nevsky ”, “Yakov Sverdlov”, “ Oath ”, “ The Fall of Berlin ”.

In 1932-1938 P. Pavlenko edited the magazine “30 Days”, then the Gorky almanac “Year XVII”, worked a lot as a journalist.

In 1934, at the I All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers, he was elected a member of the Board of the BSP, and from 1938 to 1941 he was a member of the Presidium of the BSP.

In 1938 he was awarded the Order of Lenin, and in 1940 he was awarded the Order of the Red Star for participating in the war against the White Finns.

During World War II, a special correspondent for the newspapers Pravda and Krasnaya Zvezda . During the war he wrote The Russian Tale, the book of short stories The Ways of Courage, the text for the documentary The rout of the German troops near Moscow , and the script for the film The Oath. In 1943 he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

From 1945 until the end of his life, for health reasons, he lived in Crimea , where he created the Crimean Writing Organization and led it. He organized the publication of the almanac "Crimea", was its editor. He was a member of the editorial board of the banner. He writes the novel “Happiness”, short stories, the script of the movie “The Fall of Berlin”, the novel “The Steppe Sun”.

Member of the Armed Forces of the USSR 3 convocation since 1950 .

Helped novice writers. In order for Dmitry Cholendro to finish work on the novel “Mountains in bloom,” Pavlenko provided him with a decent amount of money. More than once he gave money to a young poet Lev Baryshev for a ticket to a tuberculosis clinic . Partisan Ilya Vergasov helped write and publish in the magazine "Banner" the book "In the mountains of Tavria" ^[1] .

He died on June 16, 1951 . He was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy cemetery (plot number 1).

Family

• The second wife is Treneva, Natalia Konstantinovna , translator, daughter of the writer Konstantin Trenev .
• Son - Pavlenko, Andrei Petrovich (1939-1970), orientalist.

Prose

In a two-volume novel about a possible scenario of a future war “In the East” ( 1936 - 1937 ), the Soviet Union defeats Japan . Moreover, the Japanese offensive stops Stalin's speech at the Party Congress in the Bolshoi Theater :

“Stalin spoke. His words entered the border battle, interfering with fire and the roar of shells, awakening collective farms in the North that had not yet awakened, and making the farmers cry for joy of courage in oases on Amu Darya ... Stalin's voice was in the heat of battle. Stalin spoke with fighters in underground casemates and with pilots above. The wounded, at dressing points, regained consciousness under the voice of a quiet and sincere ... "

Scripting

Screenwriter for films:

• "Alexander Nevsky" (1938), together with S. M. Eisenstein
• "Jacob Sverdlov" ( 1940 )
• The Glorious Little (1942)
• The Oath ( 1946 )
• The Fall of Berlin ( 1947 ), together with M. E. Chiaureli
• “In the Steppe” (1950), together with A. A. Galich
• Glinka's Composer ( 1952 ).

German Slavic Wolfgang Cossack about Pavlenko: “Pavlenko was not very popular, but officially supported by a pseudo-realist writer” ^[2] .

Nadezhda Mandelstam in “Memoirs” claims that Pavlenko witnessed the night interrogation of her husband: “As far back as 34, Anna Andreevna and I reached the stories of the writer Pavlenko, how out of curiosity he accepted the invitation of his investigating friend, who was running the case of O. M. , and was present, hiding either in the closet or between the double doors, at night interrogation ... Pavlenko said that during the interrogation Mandelstam had a miserable and bewildered look, his trousers fell - he grabbed everything for them, answered inappropriately - not a single clear and a clear answer, flogged ush, I worried spun as carp in a pan, and the like ... " ^[3] .

• Stalin Prize of the first degree (1941) - for the script of the film "Alexander Nevsky" (1938)
• Stalin Prize of the first degree (1947) - for the script of the film "Oath" (1946)
• Stalin Prize of the first degree (1948) - for the novel "Happiness" (1947)
• Stalin Prize of the first degree ( 1950 ) - for the script of the film "The Fall of Berlin" (1949)
• Order of Lenin (01/31/1939)
• Order of the Red Banner (03.16.1943)
• Order of the Red Star (1940) - for participation in the Soviet-Finnish war
• medals

• P. Pavlenko, B. Pilnyak. Lord Byron. M., Spark, 1928
• Asian Stories, M., "Federation", 1929, 2nd ed. 1931
• Istanbul and Turkey, M., “Federation”, 1930, 2nd ed. 1932
• Essay stories. M., 1931
• Desert, L., "Ed. writers ", 1931, 1932
• Travel to Turkmenistan, L., “Federation”, 1932, 2nd ed. M., "Tov-in writers", 1933
• Anatolia, M., "Federation", 1932
• Barricades, M .. "Federation", 1932
• 13th story about Lermontov, M., “Federation”, 1932
• Barricades. L., Publisher of writers, 1933
• Barricades. M., Soviet literature, 1933
• Fly. M., Young Guard, 1933
• Barricades. Novel. M., 1934
• As I wrote Barricades. M., 1934
• Barricades. M., 1935
• Desert. M., 1935
• In the East, M., 1936 (Roman newspaper)
• In the East, M., 1937
• In the East, M.-L., Detizdat, 1937
• In the East, M., Soviet writer, 1937
• In the East, M., Goslitizdat, 1937
• In the East, Ivanovo., 1937
• In the East, Novosibirsk., 1937
• In the East, Khabarovsk., 1937
• Alexander Nevskiy. Movie script. M., 1938
• In the East. Pyatigorsk, 1938
• In the East. Omsk, 1938
• In the East. Kursk, 1938
• In the East. Oryol, 1939
• The defeat of Kolchak, M., 1939 (co-authored with T. Tess)
• The Way of Courage, M. Pravda, 1942
• On a high cape. M., 1942
• Russian story. M., 1942
• Russian story. Krasnodar., 1942
• Russian story. Krasnoyarsk., 1942
• Russian story. Khabarovsk, 1942
• Russian story. Magadan, 1943
• Way of courage. M., 1943
• Oath. Movie script. M., 1946
• People of the same family. M., 1946
• Happiness, 1947
• The power of a word. M., 1947
• In the village of Rybachy. Simferopol, 1948
• Steppe Sun, 1949
• Crimean stories, Simferopol, 1949
• American impressions, M., 1949
• Favorites, 1949
• Steppe sun. Simferopol, 1949
• The fall of Berlin. Movie script. M., 1950 (co-authored with M. Chiaureli)
• Steppe sun. Sverdlovsk, 1950
• War stories. M., 1951
• Italian impressions, 1951
• Young Germany, M.-L., 1951
• Movie scripts. M., 1952
• Voice is on the way. M., 1952
• Stories and essays. M., 1952
• Composer Glinka. Movie script. M., 1953
• Stories, M, 1953
• Stories, 1954
• Notebooks. Simferopol, 1955
• Writer and life. M., 1955
• Dear fame. M., 1956
• Caucasian story. M., 1958
• Caucasian story. Makhachkala, 1966
• Letter home. Tula, 1973
• Shamil, histor. epic (not finished)

Editions

• Collected works. In 6 vols., M., Goslitizdat, 1953-1955, 75,000 copies.

Literary and memorial museum of Trenev-Pavlenko in Yalta. It opened in the late 1950s and is a branch of the Yalta Museum of History and Literature.

• Chronos biography
• Bibliography of Peter Pavlenko on the site " Fantasy Laboratory "