International (metro station, Moscow)

In the early 1990s, the Moscow Government launched a project to build the Moscow City business center. According to the 1993 project, it was supposed to build on its territory the Moscow-City station to continue the Kalinin line ^[4] . However, due to lack of funding, it was decided to abandon the extension of the Kalinin line for an indefinite period ^[5] .

It was decided to reduce the cost of the construction of new sections of the subway as much as possible. So the concept of a “ mini-metro ” appeared, which was supposed to have curves of a smaller radius, steeper ascents and shorter platforms (90 meters) in comparison with the usual metro. It was decided to build a mini-metro line from the Kievskaya station to the future Mezhdunarodnaya station (the design name is Moscow City) ^{[4] [5]} .

The construction of the mini-metro line began in the early 2000s. In October 2003 , a tunnel tunnel passed the tunnel to the future Mezhdunarodnaya station ^[6] .

At the end of 2004 , it was decided to abandon the mini-metro concept and extend the platforms of the stations under construction to 118 meters to allow the reception of four-car Rusich trains ^[5] . Instead of a mini-subway, it was supposed to make the usual branch from the Filyovskaya line .

In September 2005 , the neighboring Business Center station (now Vystavochnaya) was opened. Then the paths of the International Station under construction began to be used for the turnover of trains. The first half of 2006 was the construction of the lobby of the International Station ^[7] .

The grand opening of the Mezhdunarodnaya station took place on August 30, 2006 . At 15:07 the first train with passengers arrived on it. “Mezhdunarodnaya” became the 172nd station of the Moscow Metro ^[8] .

On September 10, 2016 , along with the opening of passenger electric train traffic along the Moscow Ring Railway, a transfer was opened to the Business Center station of the MCC ^[9] .

The station is designed as a three-vaulted hall. The tubing rings of the side halls (outer diameter - 7.5 meters) are open and are supported by wall structures made of rolled steel. The arch of the central hall also rests on these walls (also 7.5 meters in diameter) ^[10] . In cross section, the platform section is a multi-span frame with a grid of columns of 7.8 meters.

The width of the platform at the station is 11.8 meters ^[5] , which is much narrower than other deep underground stations of the Moscow Metro, where the diameter of the side halls is usually 8.5 meters and the diameter of the central hall is 9.5 meters ^[10] . In this regard, the platforms in the side halls of Mezhdunarodnaya are very narrow (about 2 meters with a standard of 2.5-2.8 meters). Between the central and side halls there are 5 pairs of walkways arranged unevenly along the length of the station: two pairs at each end and one in the middle of the station ^[10] .

Initially, the station was designed with a length of 90 meters with the expectation of receiving three-car trains from cars of the Rusich type, but subsequently the project was revised and the platform was extended to 118 meters to receive four-car Rusich or six-car trains of traditional models ^[5] . Due to the extension of the platform, the eastern end of the station turned out to be slightly curved. Due to the proximity of the track development, the contact rail is removed from under the platform to the track wall. This is the only such place in the underground stations of the Moscow Metro.

The walls of the halls are faced with white-gray marble . For facing the station, stone of various deposits was used, in particular, Koelga, Giryuzun, Vozrozhdenie, Mansurovsky ^[11] . The concave walls of the pylons from the side of the platforms and the central hall are lined with white marble “Bianca Carara” ^[12] . The passages have decorative inserts of alucobond . The ends of the pylons are coated with brushed stainless steel , and the plinths are covered with black labradorite ^[12] . The track walls are covered with aluminum panels ^[12] . The name of the station is cut on aluminum plates attached to the track walls. The track walls themselves have a basement lined with brown polished granite . The station arch is lined with fiberglass .

At the station there are sixteen niches in the center and on the platforms ^[13] , due to which the station, having a column-wall construction , looks like a pylon structure , and long walls reaching 20 meters without striking walls do not catch the eye. The niches are faced with black granite, contrasting with the gray-white marble that the walls are lined with. In addition, niches are highlighted with light and black stripes on the brown granite floor. In niches from the side of the central hall there are information signs and benches for passengers, made in the form of separate chairs ^[13] .

The station floor is lined with brown Kurdish granite, which is surrounded by stripes of black labradorite ^[12] . At the edge of the platforms, the safety zone is marked by a granite strip protruding above the floor, designed for blind passengers.

The lighting solution of the station is hidden fluorescent lamps, LED elements, light lines in the openings between the columns, original escalator lights. Along each platform, yellow LED lines were first installed to indicate the safety zone. These lines are ignited in the absence of a train and go out sequentially when the train arrives at the station ^[1] .

The spacious lobby (1100 m²) is connected to the platform by a three-band escalator type E25T (escalator height 25 meters) ^{[5] [14]} . The lobby walls are faced with white marble of the Koelginsky deposit. The white suspended ceiling is supported by round metal columns. Lamps, speakers and CCTV cameras are mounted in the ceiling. The flooring is gray and black granite . Black granite is also used to clad the lobby building from the outside. There are ticket offices, a glazed police station and modernized turnstiles with sashes in the lobby. The lobby building is located under the trestle of the Third Transport Ring ^[5] and has access to Testovskaya Street and to the territory of Moscow City . Near the lobby there is the Testovskaya platform of the Smolensk direction of the Moscow Railway.

On December 30, 2017 , the second lobby opened with a new exit from the eastern end of the station. It is built on the 5th and 6th underground levels of the IQ-quarter complex ^{[15] [16]} . The lobby is decorated with granite; white, gray and black marble ^[17] .

The station is a transfer to the station " Business Center " of the Moscow Central Ring . With the development of the common lobby area and the passage, trade pavilions and a food court were built.

Behind the station there are no negotiable dead ends, therefore, for the turnover of trains, only the cross-road congress between "Exhibition" and "International" is used. It consists of 4 arrows, 6 sharp crosses and 2 blunt crosses, the length of the cross exit is 64 m ^[18] .

During the first two years after the opening, trains 51 and 52 routes followed to the Mezhdunarodnaya station, and they arrived only on one of the tracks, currently there are 51–55 trains, as well as sometimes others, and they arrive on the first and on the second way.

Behind the station, it was planned to build tunnels to the Fili station and new stations on the Mezhdunarodnaya - Fili station. In turn, the Kutuzovskaya and Studentskaya stations could be redone in a new radial direction ^[19] .

In the fall of 2016, plans appeared for the construction of a 250-meter-long gallery bridge that will connect the Mezhdunarodnaya station, the Moscow Business Center business center , the Moscow City business complex and Presnenskaya embankment ^[20] .

When the station was still under construction, suggestions were made about the future extension of the line ^[21] . According to the plans of 2006, the line was to be continued beyond the "International" to the stations " Polezhaevskaya ", " Dynamo " and " Savelovskaya " ^[22] . However, then the construction plan for the new Big Ring Line was adjusted, and its first section, opened in 2018, starts from the Delovoy Tsentr station ^{[23] [24]} .

• The distance between the Vystavochnaya - Mezhdunarodnaya stations is the shortest in the Moscow Metro ^[25] (497 meters between the axes of the stations, the length of the distillation tunnels is 379 meters).
• The station has the lowest ceilings.
• The station has the narrowest landing platforms among the Moscow metro stations (from 2.4 meters to 1.5 meters in the bent part of the platform).

• The time table of the passage of the first train through the station ^[26] :

• List of Moscow metro stations

• Vyacheslav Zverev. Moscow metro. - M .: Algorithm, 2008 .-- 272 p. - ISBN 978-5-9265-0580-8 .

• Official site (old version) (unspecified) . Date of treatment January 5, 2014.
• Site "Moscow metro" (neopr.) . Date of treatment January 5, 2014.
• The site "METRO.Photoalbum" (neopr.) . Date of treatment January 5, 2014.
• The site "Encyclopedia of our transport" (neopr.) . Date of treatment January 5, 2014.

• Booklet for the opening of the station (PDF, 2 Mb)
• Page about the station on the site "Metrogiprotrans. Architecture"
• The station "International" is open! (unopened) (inaccessible link) . The official website of the Moscow Metro (August 30, 2006). Date of treatment January 5, 2014. Archived January 5, 2014.
• Sviridenkov V. “International” station opened // Transport in Russia, September 1, 2006
• At the Mezhdunarodnaya station // Metrostrovets newspaper, No. 25, July 7, 2006 (unopened) (unavailable link - history ) . (PDF format)
• Bukharina B. Osoba is very elegant // Moskovskaya Pravda, August 31, 2006 - interview with station architects A. Orlov and A. Nekrasov.
• Good luck, “Mezhdunarodnaya” // Newspaper “Metrostrovets”, No. 33, September 1, 2006 (unopened) (inaccessible link - history ) . (PDF format) - an interview with the chief engineer of USR Mosmetrostroy A. S. Petrenko, who led the station's decoration.
• Photos of the International station under construction: December 21, 2005 , June 19, 2006 , June 26, 2006 , June 28, 2006 .