Ananyev, Boris Gerasimovich

Boris Gerasimovich Ananiev was born on August 1 (14), 1907 in Vladikavkaz into the Russified Armenian family of a public teacher. His father, Gerasim Borisovich Ananyev, worked in Russian and national schools of the Caucasus from 1890 to 1930, and from 1930 in Leningrad, the head teacher and teacher of FZU and FZO .

In 1924, Ananyev graduated from high school in Vladikavkaz and entered the Gorsky Pedagogical Institute (now North Ossetian State University ), in the socio-economic department. Since 1925, while still in his second year at this department, he began research and educational work in psychology as an assistant. In 1927, in the works of the Institute, his first experimental psychological work was published. He graduated from the university ahead of schedule in 1927. He defended his thesis in 1928 and was sent by the selection committee to graduate school in psychology.

Since February 1929, Ananyev was enrolled as a graduate student in psychology at the V.M. Leningrad Brain Institute. Ankylosing spondylitis. He also graduated from the post-graduate course ahead of schedule in December 1930, and was left at the institute as a senior researcher in the psychology department. In 1934 he was appointed head of the laboratory of psychology of education at the Institute of the Brain, and in 1937 he was appointed head of the department of psychology, which he held until September 1943.

In 1937, the academic degree of a candidate of sciences was awarded to Ananiev without defending a dissertation by the Academic Council of the Moscow Pedagogical Institute. In February 1940, Boris Gerasimovich defended his doctoral dissertation; in December, the All-Russian Higher School of Economics approved him in the academic rank of professor of psychology.

Since 1930, Ananyev worked in a number of pedagogical universities of Leningrad (Pokrovsky Pedagogical Institute, Krupskaya Pedagogical Institute), Since 1938 - at the Herzen Pedagogical Institute, the Leningrad Theater Institute and the Leningrad Institute for Advanced Teachers.

During the Great Patriotic War from July to December 1941, Ananiev conducted work in Leningrad on the special task of the Leningrad MPVO for air defense camouflage. After evacuation from Leningrad, initially in Kazan, then in Tbilisi he conducted psychopathological and rehabilitation medical work in neurological hospitals.

From November 1943 he returned to Leningrad, where he worked as a professor of psychology at the Herzen Pedagogical Institute until 1947. In 1944 he was elected head of the Department of Psychology at Leningrad State University. From 1951 to 1960, he was director of the Leningrad Research Institute of Pedagogy and at the same time head of the Department of Psychology (until 1953) and a professor in the Department of Psychology of the Philosophy Faculty at Leningrad State University.

Dean of the Faculty of Psychology of Leningrad State University (1968-1972), corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the RSFSR (1945), full member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1968) ^[2] .

Ananyev is a follower of V. M. Bekhterev ; nevertheless, his attitude to Bekhterev was rather complicated: in the period 1930-1950, when official psychology did not accept Bekhterev’s reflexology, Ananyev distanced himself from reflexology, repeatedly emphasized that he was not a student of Bekhterev and even used the term “ankylosing spondylitis.” Ananiev made a similar revolution in relation to psychology: from the complete denial of psychology as a science to its approval as a central science in the framework of human knowledge.

While working at the Faculty of Psychology of Leningrad State University, Ananyev made an attempt to overcome the fragmentation of the sciences of man and create a system model of human knowledge in which studies of various sciences about the man as a personality and individuality would be generalized. In his model, human sciences are grouped into four sections: 1) a person as a biological species; 2) ontogenesis and life path of a person as an individual; 3) the study of man as a person; 4) the problem of humanity. He singled out hierarchically subordinate levels of human organization: individual, personality, individuality. He believed that individuality is based on the relationship of the characteristics of a person as a person and as a subject of activity, which are caused by the natural properties of a person as an individual. Ananiev is also known for his work in the field of sensory perception, as well as age and differential psychology, research on the psychology of communication, the problems of restoring the wounded during the Great Patriotic War. One of the first in the USSR, Ananyev organized a psychological service based on a secondary school in the Vyborg district of Leningrad.

His students were psychologists A. A. Bodalyov , Vekker Lev Markovich, Golovey Larisa Arsenievna, N. V. Krogius , Loginova Natalya Anatolyevna B. F. Lomov , Rybalko Elena Fedorovna, A. G. Kovalev and others. Later, some of them formed independent scientific concepts and created their own schools.

In the works of B. G. Ananiev, performed in the sixties, many methodological problems that were of fundamental importance for domestic psychological science were posed, formulated, developed. These works largely determined the subsequent development of psychology. The studies of B. G. Ananiev clearly demonstrated the advantages of a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to the problem of man, and allowed psychology to truly become the science of man in all its complexity and versatility. Anthropologism as a principle for constructing psychological science allowed us to take a different look at the very subject of psychology, which in the concept of B. G. Ananiev appears as a multi-level systemic organization of the psyche. It should be noted that consideration of the psychic within the framework of the Ananyevsky approach allowed us to go beyond the scope of psychophysiological parallelism and, avoiding reductionism, to “fit” the psyche into the “scientific picture of man”. It is in this that the methodological significance of Ananiev's works is still not fully appreciated ^[3] .

The main works :

• The Psychology of Pedagogical Assessment, 1935. Reprinted in 1980 and 2007. in collections of scientific papers B.G. Ananyeva.
• Essays on Psychology, 1945. Reprinted in 2007 in B.G. Ananyeva.
• Essays on Russian Psychology of the 18th — 19th Centuries, 1947.
• Man as a subject of knowledge, 1969.

Psychology of sensory knowledge, 1960. Reprinted in 2001, as well as on it. lang in the GDR in 1963 Ananjev BG Psychologie der sinnlichen Erkenntnis. Berlin: VEB. 1963

• Theory of Sensations, 1961
• Psychology and problems of human knowledge. MODEK, 2005.
• Selected psychological works, 1 and 2 vols. Pedagogy, 1980.
• Man as a subject of knowledge. St. Petersburg, 1968.
• On the problems of modern human science. St. Petersburg, 2001.
• Personality, subject of activity, individuality. M .: Direct Media, 2008.

• Every year, the faculty of St. Petersburg State University holds the traditional scientific-practical conference "Ananiev readings" ^[1] .
• A memorial plaque is installed on the house where Boris Gerasimovich lived (31 Dibunovskaya Street).

• Loginova N. A. B. G. Ananiev is an outstanding scientist in the history of Russian psychology. Almaty, 1999.
• Loginova N.A. Boris Gerasimovich Ananiev: Biography. Memories. Materials St. Petersburg: Publishing House of St. Petersburg University, 2006
• Stepanov S. Boris Gerasimovich Ananyev // "School psychologist", 2000, No. 20.

• Loginova N. A. Psychological science is the life work of Boris Gerasimovich Ananyev // Journal “St. Petersburg University”. No. 14 (3762), October 22, 2007
• Nedbaev D.N., Nedbaeva S.V. , Kotova I. B. Theoretical and empirical background of personality theory in the works of B. G. Ananiev
• Biography and the main works of B. G. Ananiev on the site of the NPEB (neopr.) . elib.gnpbu.ru.