Nemesis ( dr. Greek Νεμέσιος , more precisely Nemesius ; born c. 390 ), Neoplatonist philosopher , representative of the Alexandrian school of Neoplatonism.
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Nemesis is known only for its treatise "On the nature of man", which is devoted to clarifying the essence of man. Nemesis stands on the point of view of traditional Alexandrian Neoplatonism, that is, on the point of view of the demiurgical theory, devoid of analysis of the super-existing primordial unity. A significant part of the treatise is devoted to the analysis of individual psychic abilities, which from the point of view of Neoplatonism itself is of no interest.
In the concluding chapters of the treatise, Nemesius discusses fate. If a person fails to do as a free mind tells him to, and even if vices and crimes exist at all, then everything is done at the discretion of providence. Providence cares about the fate of man and all people in general; and therefore, if, for example, a crime is committed, it means that it is necessary in one sense or another for a person (as, for example, for a murderer and for a murdered person). Providence, in contrast to an unprincipled fate, acts only for the final triumph of man as a free mind, because providence itself is a free mind.
In the discussions of Nemesia on human freedom, the influence of new ideas about personality is traced, in contrast to the theory of impersonal and irresponsible nature and fate. However, this idea of personality is not only absolute, but also relative Nemesis is not yet formulated "consciously" and unambiguously. Nevertheless, the treatise represents a remarkable attempt to create an anthropological system from the point of view of the new Christian philosophy. Moses and the Apostle Paul are compared with Aristotle and Menander ; clearly the influence of Plato 's doctrine of pre-existence and metempsychosis . John of Damascus and the scholastics , including Albert the Great and Thomas Aquinas , placed the Nemesis treatise very highly (believing that it was written by Gregory of Nyssa , with which Nemesia has much in common).
Literature
Russian translations:
- Nemesis, Bishop of Emess. About the nature of man. / Per. with Greek. F.S. Vladimirsky. From the foreword and note. [F. Vladimir] and the appendix of a short dictionary and index. Pochaev Type. Pochayovo-Uspensky Lavra., 1904, XXXIV, 204 pp., 42 columns, III pp.
- Reprint: Prev N.V. Shaburova. (Series "Teachers of the undivided Church"). M., Educational Information Ecumenical Center ap. Paul. 1996.204 p.
- reprint: Nemesis of Ames. On the nature of man / Translation from Greek. F.S. Vladimirsky. Compilation, afterword, general edition of M. L. Khorkov. - M .: "Canon +" ROOI "Rehabilitation", 2011. - 464 p. - ISBN 978-5-88373-108-1
- About the nature of man. / Abbreviation. per. D. Skrynchenko. Minsk, 1909. 114 pp.
Research:
- Grigoryev K.G. Nemesius, bishop Amesky, and his work "On the nature of man." B. m., 1900. 60 pp. (From the journal "Orthodox Interlocutor")
- Vladimirsky F.S. Anthropology and Cosmology Nemesia, ep. Yemes, in their relation to ancient philosophy and patristic literature. Zhytomyr, 1912. 451 pp.
- Losev A.F. History of ancient aesthetics. Volume VIII. The results of the millennium development. - M.: Art, 1992. Book. 1, p. 31-33.