Landsbergis, Vytautas

Born in the family of Lithuanian architect Vytautas Landsbergis-Zhamkalnis , Minister of Public Utilities in the Provisional Government of Lithuania and oculist Ona Jablonske-Landsbergen . The mother of Vytautas Landsbergis for the salvation of Jews during the German occupation of Lithuania, the Israeli National Holocaust Memorial Yad Vashem was awarded the title of Righteous Peace ( 1995 ) ^[2] . In Kaunas, he graduated from high school and music school named after Juozas Gruodis. He studied at the State Conservatory of the Lithuanian SSR in Vilnius ( 1950 - 1955 ).

He taught at the music school named after M.K. Čiurlionis (now the National Gymnasium of Arts named after M.K. Čiurlionis ) and at the Vilnius Pedagogical University , since 1974 - at the Vilnius Conservatory (now the Lithuanian Academy of Music ), in 1978 - 1990 . and. about. professors. In 1969 he defended his thesis for the degree of candidate of art history on the composer's work of Mikaloyus Čiurlionis . In 1994 he defended his doctoral dissertation. He was a member of the editorial board of the Main Publishing House of the Lithuanian SSR Encyclopedia. He was a member of the board and secretariat of the Lithuanian Composers Union. Chairman of the Society M.K. Čiurlionis and Honorary Chairman of the Lithuanian Chess Federation.

Landsbergis owns over thirty books. He studied mainly the work of M.K. Čiurlionis : the books “Sonata of Spring” ( Pavasario sonata ; 1965 ), “Creativity of Čiurlionis” ( 1975 ), “Wreath of юрiurlionis ” ( Vainikas Čiurlioniui ; 1980 ) and others; compiler and editor of musical editions of Čiurlionis. He also published a monograph on Cheslav Sosnowski ( Česlovo Sasnausko gyvenimas ir darbai ; 1980), a collection of music-critical articles by Geresnės muzikos troškimas ( 1990 ).

Later mainly books of journalism and political memoirs “Atgavę viltį” ( 1990 ), “Laisvės byla” ( 1992 ), “Kryžkelė” ( 1995 ), “Sunki laisvė: 1991 m. ruduo - 1992 m. ruduo “ ( 2000 ), also the political autobiography of “ Lūžis prie Baltijos “ ( 1997 ).

Under the pseudonym Jonas Žemkalnis published two books of poetic reflections , Intermezzo ( 1991 ) and Intermezzo non finito ( 2004 ).

Laureate of the State Prize of the Lithuanian SSR (1976), Honored Artist of the Lithuanian SSR (1982). Honorary Doctor of Klaipeda University (1997).

In June 1988, he was elected to the initiative group of Sayudis (originally the Lithuanian Movement for Perestroika). At the constituent congress of Sayudis on October 22-23, 1988 he was elected to the Sejm and the Council of the Sejm Seyudis. From November 1988 to April 1990 - Chairman of the Council of the Sejm Sayudis, from December 1991 - Honorary Chairman.

In March 1989, he was elected People's Deputy of the USSR and participated in the Congress of People's Deputies. At the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR, he initiated a deputy request for a legal assessment of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact .

On March 11, 1990, with his active participation, the Supreme Council adopted a declaration on the restoration of Lithuanian independence. On the same day, he was elected Chairman of the Supreme Council of Lithuania.

Chairman of the Supreme Council of Lithuania ( 1990 - 1992 ), Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania in 1992 and 1996 - 2000 . One of the founders ( 1993 ) and leader of the right-wing party Union of the Fatherland (Conservatives of Lithuania) ( lit. Tėvynės sąjunga ). The chairman of the party was elected ( 1993 ) and re-elected ( 1995 , 1998 , 2000 ); since 2003, chairman of its political committee and member of the presidium. In 1997, he was nominated for president.

In September 2000, at the initiative of Landsbergis, the Lithuanian Seimas almost passed a law recognizing the interim government of Lithuania Juozas Ambrazjevičius ( 1941 ) as the legitimate government of Lithuania, but due to widespread protests the bill was recalled . On his initiative, the Seimas (48 for, 0 against, 3 abstained) recognized the declaration of the Provisional Government of Lithuania of June 23, 1941 as a legal act of the modern Republic of Lithuania, but this decision was not signed by the President of Lithuania ^[3] . Landsbergis initiated the adoption of a law on compensation for damage caused to Lithuania as a result of the Soviet occupation. This law has spoiled relations between Lithuania and Russia for many years. .

Since June 2004, he was a member of the European Parliament and was a member of the largest faction of the European People's Party (Christian Democrats) and European Democrats ( European People's Party (Christian Democrats) and European Democrats ). He was re-elected from the Union of the Fatherland - Christian Democrats of Lithuania to the European Parliament at the elections held in Lithuania on June 7, 2009 ^[4] . In 2014, not re-elected.

Landsbergis was a fairly strong chess player in his youth and achieved serious success at the republican level. He twice participated in the championships of the Lithuanian SSR . In the 1951 championship, he scored 7½ points out of 15 and took 7th place. In the 1952 championship, he scored 9½ points out of 13 and shared 2–4 places with V.I. Mikenas and E.S. Chukaev ( R. D. Kholmov became the champion of the republic both times).

His daughters Jurate and Birute became musicians, the son of Vytautas V. Landsbergis is a writer and film director. Grandson (son of Vytautas) Gabrielius is the leader of the Union of the Fatherland party.

• List of rulers of Lithuania

• Sonata of spring. Creativity M.K. Čiurlionis. - L .: Music, 1971
• Creativity of Čiurlionis. (Spring Sonata) - L.: Music, 1975
• Lithuanian Folk Theater. - Vilnius, 1982

• M. Doroshko . Landsberґіs Vіtautas // Political Encyclopedia. Editorial: Yu. Levenets (head), Yu. Shapoval (zast. Heads) that іn. - K .: Parliamentary Representation, 2011 .-- p. 389 ISBN 978-966-611-818-2 .

• Vytautas landsbergis
• Vytautas Landsbergis MEP
• Michael Zubar . Vytautas Landsbergis: “In 1990, our society matured to the desire for a more sincere and pure life” // Mirror of the week. Ukraine, No. 9, 03/11/2011