Inna Germogenovna Smidovich ( 1870 - 1940 (or 1942 )) - Russian revolutionary underground worker. The wife of a revolutionary M. Lehmann.
| Inna Germogenovna Smidovich | |
|---|---|
 Photo of the Security Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire | |
| Date of Birth | 1870 |
| Place of Birth | Tula , Russian Empire |
| Date of death | 1942 |
Biography
Born in Tula in 1870 in a large landlord family.
Brother Peter later became a Social Democrat. Vincent, a second cousin at the beginning of the 20th century, gained fame as a writer under the pseudonym Veresaev - Inna Smidovich served as a prototype for his heroine Natasha from the stories “No Road” and “Povetrie”.
In 1890, Inna Smidovich entered St. Petersburg courses of medical assistants. In a few months she was sent home for her unreliability. Education received only in Switzerland.
From 1895 she lived in St. Petersburg . During this period, it closely converges with the underground Marxist circle of Yuli Martov . This circle included Social Democrats Fedor Gurvich , Mikhail Leman and others.
In August 1897 she was arrested in the case of the St. Petersburg "Union of Struggle" and sent to the Vyatka province . M. Lehman (her husband), F. Gurvich and A. Potresov were sent to the same link. From exile I. Smidovich escaped.
At the end of 1899, she appeared in Switzerland , collaborated with the Emancipation of Labor group. Being familiar with Potresov and G. Plekhanov , she was appointed to the post of executive secretary of Iskra .
In October 1900, she arrived in Munich , she was entrusted with becoming the secretary of Iskra under the direct supervision of Lenin (before that, he was engaged in encrypted correspondence independently). She took up her duties only at the end of the year - her son was born in Munich.
In April 1901, she was replaced by N. K. Krupskaya as Iskra secretary.
Poetic ciphers were assigned in Russia by Lenin and Martov . Liaised with organizations in the following cities:
| City | Underground workers |
|---|---|
| Poltava | Y. Martov and L. Radchenko |
| Pskov | P. Lepeshinsky |
| Moscow | N. Bauman |
| Cover | I. Babushkin |
| Kiev | V. Krohmal |
| Ufa | N. Krupskaya |
| Smolensk | V. Klestov |
An example of an encrypted letter V. Ulyanov to Fedor Gurvich (Dan) dated March 22, 1901:
“What and how with F 10/1 2/2 2/6 5/14 2/2 6/6 5/1 1/22 4/2 7/6 7/3 6/1?”
Which meant:
"What and how with the Finnish (skim) ways?".
Inna Smidovich produced the cipher of V.I. Lenin's letter, using Lermontov's poem “The Prophet” as the key . The letter F is not encrypted, as it is not in the poem, but this is a violation of the rules of cryptography.
The correspondence was conducted with sympathetic inks .
Kept in touch with the Petersburg Union of Struggle, but relations with him deteriorated because of the leadership of the Union who joined the Economists, who preferred to correspond with the editors of Rabocheye delo and the Union of Russian Social Democrats Abroad.
In the underground, Inna Smidovich worked under the pseudonym "Dimka". Made many escapes from police gendarmes.
The split at the II Congress of the RSDLP (1903) divided the family — Inna became a Menshevik, and Mikhail became a Bolshevik. Then Inna joined the anarchists.
After the revolution of 1917, Inna Smidovich was subjected to political repression, was a simple worker in a factory. She died in 1942 . Inna Hermogenovna’s only son was missing in the Civil War .