Giza ( French Guise ) is a French clan, a side branch of the Lorraine house , which received possession of Giz in a dowry in 1360 and subsequently divided into the Giz and Elbeuf lines. Of the members of this surname are known:
| Giza | |
|---|---|
 in the golden field is a red band with three white eagles on it | |
| Period | 1520-1675 |
| Title | Dukes de Guise |
| Ancestor | Rene II (Duke of Lorraine) |
| Cognates | Lorraine House |
| Branches of the genus | Elbeuf |
| Nationality | France |
Representatives
- Claude Lorraine (1496-1550), the youngest son of Rene II, Duke of Lorraine, 1st Duke de Guise.
- Jean Lorraine (1498-1550), the brother of the previous one, Cardinal Lorraine from 1518, enjoyed great influence at the courts of Francis I and Henry II .
- Francois of Lorraine (1519-1563), Duke of Guise, French military and statesman.
- Charles de Guise (1524-1574), Cardinal de Guise, Archbishop of Reims from 1538. He had a great influence on Henry II. At his insistence, Pope Paul IV declared war on Charles V and Philip II . His reign, as Minister Francis II , was distinguished by cruelty and extreme self-will: he forbade the carrying of weapons and issued an edict that threatened to hang the creditors of the court if they did not leave in 24 hours. And under Charles IX he enjoyed great influence. Like his brother, he was a fierce enemy of the Huguenots and tried to introduce the Inquisition to France. At the Council of Trent (1562) he played an important role, first against the pope, then in the interests of the curia. Wed Guillemin, Le Cardinal de Lorraine (1847).
- Henry I of Lorraine (1550-1588), Duke de Guise, head of the Catholic League .
- Karl, the Duke of Mayenne , brother of the previous one (1554-1611), after his assassination became the head of the league and sought to take over the throne, but defeated by Henry IV , obeyed him (1596) and subsequently was governor of Ильle-de-France and loyal adviser to the king.
- Louis of Lorraine (1555-1588), Cardinal de Guise, brother of both previous, a prominent figure in the Catholic League. Killed in Blois the day after his brother on the orders of Henry III .
- Charles de Guise , the eldest son of Henry I Guise. (1571-1640), the Duke of Guise and de Jouyès, after the murder of his father, imprisoned, fled in 1591, first waged a fight with Henry IV, but soon obeyed him and was made governor of Provence . Subsequently expelled Richelieu from Paris and settled in Florence.
- Henry II of Lorraine (1614–1664), the son of the previous one, first the Archbishop of Reims, became the head of the family after the death of his older brothers and left the clergy. Adjacent to the Earl of Soissons , who was outraged by the Spaniards against Richelieu , he was sentenced to death, but fled to Flanders, from where he returned only after the death of Richelieu. In 1644 and 1645 he participated in campaigns against Austria, and in 1647 he decided to take advantage of the Naples uprising to conquer it, became the head of the insurgents, but was captured by the Spaniards and only in 1652 was released Conde . Once again he tried, in 1654, to conquer Naples , but also unsuccessfully, and spent the last years of his life at the court of Louis XIV . His "Mémoires" was probably written by his secretary Saint-Ion; ed. Petitot, “Collections de Mémoires relatifs a l'histoire de France” (1826).
- Louis Joseph de Guise , Duke of Juayez and Angouleme (1650-1671), the nephew of the previous one, was married to Elizabeth of Orleans.
- Francois Joseph (1670-1675), Duke of Guise and de Jouyez, son of the previous. With him the clan Guise ceased. Their possessions passed to Conda .
See also
- Seniors, Earls and Dukes of Guise
Literature
- Guise // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Bouille. Les ducs de G. - 1849-1850.
- J. de Croze. Les Guises, les Valois, Philippe III. - 1866.
- Forneron. Les ducs de G. - 1878.