Plaster

Plasters can be classified by purpose:

• Conventional plasters - designed to level the walls (creating a flat, even surface for the subsequent application of thinner decorative coatings) and to protect the exterior walls of buildings from environmental influences.
• Special plasters - used as insulating and shielding layers (sound-absorbing, heat-saving, X-ray protective, etc.)
• Decorative plasters - used in the finishing of walls, ceilings, structures to increase their aesthetic expressiveness.

Decorative plasters , in turn, are divided into the following types:

• Colored plaster, which is ideal for interior walls, door and window openings.
• Stone plaster, which in its appearance resembles natural stone.
• Venetian plaster. This type of plaster in its appearance resembles real marble.
• Sgraffito - this type of plaster received its name due to the features of the application.
• Terrazite plaster. This view is suitable for interior walls and facades.
• Silk plaster or liquid wallpaper - designed for interior use. Non-combustible, does not accumulate static electricity. The material consists of natural or synthetic fibers, mineral fillers and various decorative additives. It is applied with a plastic spatula to surfaces plastered and coated with a primer or oil paint. It has various colors and textures, has no smell, when applied, a seamless coating is obtained, the material is elastic and does not crack when the walls “shrink”. The main disadvantage is poor moisture resistance, but when treated with moisture-proof varnish, it can also be used in rooms with high humidity (kitchen, bathroom, etc.).

The most common conventional plasters are: mortar, cement-sand mortar, gypsum mixtures.

• Lime mortars are used mainly for internal work, the main advantages of this material are the convenience and speed of its use during application, as well as maximum environmental friendliness. Among the disadvantages, a relatively low strength can be noted in comparison with other materials. The material consists of hydrated lime and river sand in a ratio of 1: 4, used with the addition of cement .
• Cement-sand mortars are used both for internal and external works. The popularity is explained by the cheapness of these finishing materials. They are slightly more difficult to apply, but the coating is much stronger than when working with lime or gypsum mortar. The material consists of cement and sand in a ratio of 1: 4, for plasticity in small quantities add lime or PVA glue . Subject to application technology, the life of the finished coating exceeds several decades. Cement-sand mortars allow you to even out strong flaws in the surface.
• Plaster mixes - are intended for internal works. Using gypsum mixtures, you can get a smooth coating of white color . The main disadvantages of the material are its higher cost compared to other materials, insufficient moisture resistance, poor vapor permeability and low strength. Also, in pursuit of a consumer who wants to save on the final thin-layer mixture, asbestos and other chemical additives unfavorable to human health are often added to gypsum plasters, which give the surface whiteness. However, gypsum plasters can significantly simplify the technological cycle of decoration and reduce the time spent on leveling the walls, which affects the popularity of these materials.
• Magnesia mixtures - designed for internal use. Non-combustible, high-strength, non-dusting compositions for plastering the internal walls of rooms for painting, tile, wallpaper, etc. They belong to the category of non-dusting and non-combustible materials (combustibility category, GOST 30244-94 NG).
• Smooth Moroccan stucco - for its unique qualities found its way from Morocco, where the craftsmen passed its recipe and application technique from generation to generation for thousands of years.

Recently, the use of decorative plaster in the interior has become an increasingly popular and common type of decoration ^[1] . Today it is one of the best alternatives to wallpaper or walls for painting and the optimal solution for decorating a modern interior in a classic, Scandinavian style or, for example, for loft design. The composition perfectly "lays down" on drywall , concrete , brick , marble , wood, granite , leather and even fabric! A wall decorated with decorative plaster can be decorated with a bas-relief or by adding stones, shells or any other elements to the finished solution, depending on the composition and idea. Decorative plaster is natural, hypoallergenic, very unpretentious in care, has reflective properties, high vapor permeability, durability and mechanical strength.

• Stucco
• Liquid wallpaper

• Lermantov V.V. ,. Plastering work // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.

• The meaning of the word Stucco in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia