Municipal District (Russia)

Article 15 of the Federal Law “On General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation” defines issues of local importance, which should be addressed at the level of the municipal district. First of all, they include the organization of medicine and education in the region, the provision of settlements with a connection to communications, the organization of archives , libraries . The competence of municipal districts includes the development and maintenance of a network of roads in the district, transport services, the organization of utilization and recycling of household and industrial waste . The municipal district is responsible for organizing the maintenance of public order in the territory of the municipal district by the municipal police .

Currently, municipalities in most cases are budget managers throughout the district, including the territory of settlements: rural settlements that are part of the district do not have budgets, but only cost estimates. In accordance with the legislation, the municipal district also carries out equalization of the level of budgetary provision of the settlements included in the municipal district at the expense of the budget of the municipal district.

As of January 1, 2010, there were 1829 municipal districts in Russia ^[2] , as of January 1, 2011 - 1824 ^[3] , as of January 1, 2012 - 1821 ^[4] , as of January 1, 2013 - 1817 ^[5] , by 1 January ¹⁵ , 2014 - 1815 ^[6] , January 1, 2015 - 1823 ^[7] , January 1, 2016 - 1788 ^[8] , January 1, 2017 - 1784 ^[9] , January 1, 2018 - 1758 ^{[ 10]} .

The cities of federal significance include intracity municipalities in the form of municipal districts. In 2012, 125 municipal districts (which are located within the boundaries of Moscow regions ) were created in Moscow . Also in St. Petersburg there are 81 municipal districts . In 2014, 9 municipal districts were formed in Sevastopol . At the time of their formation, this type of municipality as a municipal district was not spelled out in the Federal Law “On General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation” ^{[11] [12]} .

Federal Law of May 1, 2019 N 87-ФЗ also introduced in the Federal Law “On General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation” a new type of municipal formation as a municipal district , into which, in the transitional period until January 1, 2025, it is ordered to transform those municipalities without urban and rural settlements in its composition, less than two-thirds of the population of which live in cities and (or) other urban settlements; while those municipalities without urban and rural settlements in its composition, where more than two-thirds of the population lives in cities and (or) other urban settlements, receive (or maintain) the status of an urban district or intracity municipal district , while the population density in the territory of the urban district should be 5 or more times higher than the average population density in the Russian Federation ^{[13] [14] [15] [16] [17]} .

In the framework of the Federal Law which entered into force on May 1, 2019 N 87-ФЗ, the first municipal district in Russia by May 31, 2019 will be the Vesyegonsky municipal district in the Tver region, formed by combining all the settlements of the Vesyegonsky municipal region ^{[18] [19]} . On June 26, 2019, in the Kemerovo region, the Topkinsky district was transformed into a municipal district ^[20] . By January 1, 2020, new municipal districts are also being formed in the Perm Territory ^{[21] [22] [23] [24] [25]} .

• Municipal District
• List of municipal districts and urban districts of Russia
• Area
• Regions of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

• Federal Law of October 6, 2003 No. 131-ФЗ “On General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation” (Russian) . Rossiyskaya Gazeta , No. 3316 (October 8, 2003). Date of treatment December 20, 2018.