Zhivoin Pavlovich ( Serb. Zhivoin Pavloviћ , Croatian Živojin Pavlović , Macedonian. Zhivoin Pavloviќ , January 13, 1898 - November 28, 1941 ) - Yugoslav Communist , author of one of the first books on the Stalinist thermidor “Balance of the Soviet Thermidor” ( Serbian Bilans of the Soviet Thermidor ). He was executed by partisans in the Uzhitsky Republic on charges of treason.
| Zhivoin Pavlovich | |
|---|---|
| Јivojin Pavloviћ, Živojin Pavlović | |
 | |
| Date of Birth | January 13, 1898 |
| Place of Birth | |
| Date of death | November 28, 1941 (43 years old) |
| Place of death | Uzhitsky republic |
| Citizenship | |
| Occupation | , , |
Content
Into the communist movement
Some time after the First World War, Pavlovich worked as a teacher, then, in 1922, as a clerk in the city government of Belgrade . From 1924 to 1929 lived in Skopje . In 1925 he became a member of the Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Czech Republic in Macedonia . Since 1927, he began to devote more and more time to the development of the left movement, often leaving the city.
After the establishment of the dictatorship on January 6, 1929, he moved to Constantinople , from there to Paris , where he met a rich French woman and married her. Having considerable resources, in agreement with the leadership of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in Paris, he organized and led the party press. He participated in the organization of voluntary inter-brigades during the Spanish Civil War .
Sobering
In 1937, Josip Chizhinski, a friend and comrade of Pavlovich, was called up to the USSR , where he was convicted and executed, like many other party members. This tragedy had a sobering effect on Pavlovich, and after the conclusion of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, he was completely disappointed in the USSR.
Pavlovich’s opposition was the reason that the new leadership of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, headed by Josip Broz Tito, expelled him from the party. In February 1940, he returned from France to Yugoslavia, worked as an official of the Central Press Bureau under the Chairman of the Ministerial Council of Belgrade. At the same time, he worked on his book Balance of the Soviet Thermidor, which was published in the same year. But since at that moment the Kingdom of Yugoslavia established diplomatic relations and entered into an alliance agreement with the USSR, Pavlovich’s book exposing the crimes of the Stalin regime was arrested and was not allowed for sale. The author managed to save only a few dozen copies.
Doom
After the occupation of Yugoslavia begins the national liberation armed struggle. Pavlovich kept aloof from the internecine struggle of the communist partisans and the monarchist chetniks . During the existence of the Uzhitsky Republic, partisans regarded him as a dubious element and accused him of being a police agent. He was arrested, during interrogations Pavlovich stubbornly denied all the charges, which subsequently were never proved.
On the night of November 28 to 29, 1941 , before the German attack on the encircled Uzhitsky republic, Pavlovich tried to escape. But he did not have time to realize his intentions - he was captured by partisans and executed [1] . However, there are suspicions that the accusation of betrayal was rigged, and the real goal was to eliminate the opposition to the Bolshevik party according to the Stalinist recipe conducted by Tito [2] .
The Balance of Soviet Thermidor
In his book dedicated to the victims of the Stalinist terror, Pavlovich, on the basis of the documents at his disposal, drew the balance of Stalinist purges, told about the fate of not only Soviet state and party leaders - oppositionists, but also staunch Stalinists who were liquidated in 1936-1939 . In addition to the Soviet ones, the Communist leaders of other countries were liquidated, first of all, the Communist Party of Ukraine [3] , which was subjected to the greatest purge after the Soviet and Polish parties, having lost 600 people.
In this book, Zhivoin Pavlovich also predicted his own fate. He was not only executed by his own Yugoslav communists (then the orthodox Stalinists) as a traitor, he was not rehabilitated in 1948 , when the government condemned Stalin at the congress and in the resolution of the Information Bureau.
The “balance of the Soviet Thermidor” became available to the general reader only in 1989 , when it was reissued for the first time since 1940 .
See also
- Milovan Jilas
- Ignazio Silone
- George Orwell
- Arthur Koestler
Notes
- ↑ Slobodan G. Markoviћ. Extremism in the United States Political Tradition Archived September 19, 2008 on the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Svetozar Stoјanoviћ. Repulse culture and installation (inaccessible link)
- ↑ Književna paradigma: Makbet i njegovi sledbenici unopened (unavailable link) . Date of treatment May 31, 2008. Archived July 14, 2006.
Links
- Biography of Zhivoin Pavlovich (Maced.)
- First edition: Zhivoјin Pavloviћ. Bilance of the Soviet Thermidor: order and revelation on the deeds and organization of the St. Petersburg Teror, Beograd, 1940
- Reprint: Zhivoјin Pavloviћ. Bilans of the Soviet Thermidor: order and revelation on the deliberation and organization of the Stalin Terror , Narodnaya Kiga –Alfa , Beograd, 2003. Godina, ISBN 86-331-1057-1 (Serb.)
- Russian translation: Zhivoin Pavlovich. The balance of the Soviet Thermidor: Stalin's terror in the fate of the Serbian communist / trans. with the Serb. lang I.A. Charots and A.I. Charots. - Minsk: Literature and mastastva, 2011. - 256 p. ISBN 978-985-6994-03-9 .
- Slobodan Gavriloviћ. Zhivoјin Pavloviћ. I measure dogma and criticism. Biographies, Grafokard, Beograd 2001
- Slobodan Gavriloviћ. Archivist’s border on Zhivoјin Pavloviћ, Historical archive, Uzice 2001.