Richard Réti ( Czech, Richard Réti ; May 28, 1889 , Pezinok near Bratislava - June 6, 1929 , Prague ) - Czechoslovak chess player , grandmaster , chess composer and theoretician, journalist.
 Richard Reti | |
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| Richard Réti | |
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| Country |  Austria-Hungary  Czechoslovakia |
| Date of Birth | May 28, 1889 |
| Place of Birth | Pezinok |
| Date of death | June 6, 1929 (aged 40) |
| Place of death | Prague |
| Rank | grandmaster |
His great-grandson is the German artist Elias Maria Reti [1] .
Content
Biography
Richard Reti was born on May 28, 1889 into a Jewish [2] family in the town of Pezinok , near Bratislava , then called Pressburg. The city was located on the territory of Austria-Hungary, which ceded Czechoslovakia after the Treaty of Trianon (entered into force on July 26, 1921). His brother Rudolph (1885-1957) is a musicologist and pianist.
He received secondary and higher education in Vienna , having graduated from Vienna University . There, in 1908, he made his debut at an international tournament, where he performed unsuccessfully, taking last place, but in the same year he convincingly won the Trebich tournament. In 1909-1914 he won a number of prizes at tournaments in Abbey , Vienna, Budapest , Mannheim , and Reti's real creative heyday came after the end of the First World War : from 1918 to 1929 the chess player participated in several dozen tournaments, and in nine of them he occupied the first places. At the first ever Chess Olympiad in history in 1927 , held in London , Reti led the Czechoslovak team, ranking fifth.
Member of the symbolic club Mikhail Chigorin (winners of world champions) since March 22, 1924.
Reti conducted active chess professional activities, participated in tournaments and matches, repeatedly gave simultaneous games (including blindly - on February 7, 1925 in Sao Paulo the grandmaster played 29 games at the same time without looking at the board; +20 −2 = 7), setting a world record (the record was broken by Alexander Alekhin in 1933). He is also of great importance as a theorist, one of the founders of the ideas of hypermodernism , the inventor of Reti's debut (1. Nf3 d5 2.s4). Significantly, his legacy in the field of chess composition is a series of works, among which the famous sketch is distinguished, in which a maneuver was applied, which later received the name of the composer and was repeatedly used by sketchists of subsequent generations.
At the age of 40, Reti fell ill with severe scarlet fever and died. Buried in Vienna . Since 1949, Reti memory tournaments have been held in Czechoslovakia.
Notable Parties
Vienna , 1910
Caro Cannes Defense
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1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.Kc3 de 4.K: e4 Kf6 5. Фd3 e5 6.de Фa5 + 7.Cd2 Ф: е5 8.0-0-0 К: е4 (see diagram) 9. Фd8 + !! Cr: d8 10.Cg5 ++! Krs7 11.Cd8 #
Selected Studies
Ostrauer Morgenzeitung und Handelsblatt
December 4, 1921
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One of the most famous chess studies in the world. At first glance it seems that the task is impossible: to catch a black pawn with a white king is not possible (1. Kh7 h4 2. Kh6 h3, etc.); the black king can easily delay the white pawn if it moves forward.
However, the white king makes a very unexpected and paradoxical maneuver: 1. Kg7! h4 2. Kf6 Kb6 (after 2 ... h3 3. Ke7 h2 4. c7 Kb7 5. Kd7 pawns become queens at the same time) 3. Ke5! Now after 3 ... Kp: c6 4. Kf4 the white king falls into the square of the pawn and holds it, and if 3 ... h3 , then after 4. Kd6 again the pawns simultaneously pass to the queens, in both cases - a draw. The Reti study made a strong impression on his contemporaries, and the maneuver of the king carried out in it was called the “Reti maneuver” and then was repeatedly used by other authors.
According to some researchers, this sketch was first published in the Deutsch-Österreichische Tageszeitung on September 11, 1921 [3] .
The study was also published in the journal Kagans Neueste Schachnachrichten in 1922 ( Arthur Mandler , a friend and biographer of Reti, in the collection of etudes of Reti indicated 1921 as the date of publication in Kagans Neueste Schachnachrichten ) [3] .
Tidskrift for Schack
1922
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1.Ld1? d4! 2.Kd7 Kd5 3.Kc7 Kc5, and mutual zugzwang in favor of Black. Weak and 2.Kff7? Kre4 3.Kre6 d3 or 2.Ld2? Kre4 3.Kd6 Kre3 4.Rd1 d3.
1.Rd2 (d3)! d4 2.Rd1! Kd5 3.Kd7 , and Black got into zugzwang. 3. ... Kre5 (3. ... Kc5 4.Ke6, 3. ... Kre4 4.Kd6) 4.Kc6 Kre4 5.Kc5 ±
Cologne Folkszeitung, 1928
(fixed by Henri Rink )
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(3 + 3)
Decision:
1. Bf5 + Kd8!
2. Rd4 + Kre7
3. Le4 + Kd8!
4. Bd7 !! (4. L: e3? E1Ф 5. L: e1 leads to the stalemate) e1Ф
5. Bb5 !! , and checkmate is inevitable.
Tournament and match results
Tournaments
| Year | City | Tournament | + | - | = | Result | A place |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1907 | Szekesfehervar | 6 | five | 3 | 7½ out of 14 | 7-9 | |
| 1908 | Prague | 2 | one | 3 | 3½ out of 6 | four | |
| Vein | 0 | sixteen | 3 | 1½ of 19 | 20 | ||
| 1909 | Vein | 6 | one | 3 | 7½ out of 10 | one | |
| Vein | 13 | 2 | one | 13½ of 16 | one | ||
| 1910 | Vein | 12 | 2 | 0 | 12 of 14 | one | |
| 1911 | Budapest | 3 | four | 2 | 4 from 9 | 6-8 | |
| Vein | 6 | four | 0 | 6 out of 10 | 2 | ||
| San remo | four | 3 | 3 | 5½ out of 10 | 6-7 | ||
| Vein | four | 6 | 3 | 5½ out of 13 | five | ||
| 1912 | Abbation | Gambit tournament | ten | eight | 3 | 11½ of 21 | 3-4 |
| Temeshwar | 3 | five | 6 | 6 from 14 | eleven | ||
| Vein | 7 | four | 0 | 7 from 11 | 2 | ||
| 1913 | Vein | 6 | one | 7 | 9½ out of 14 | 3 | |
| Jungbunzlau | four | 2 | 3 | 5½ out of 9 | four | ||
| Vein | eleven | five | 2 | 12 of 18 | four | ||
| Debrecen | four | 2 | four | 6 out of 10 | 2-3 | ||
| Budapest | 2 | 7 | 2 | 3 out of 12 | eleven | ||
| 1914 | Vein | eleven | five | 2 | 12 of 18 | four | |
| Baden Bai Wayne | five | four | 9 | 9½ out of 18 | 6 | ||
| Vein | 7 | four | 3 | 8½ out of 14 | 3-4 | ||
| Mannheim | five | 2 | four | 7 from 11 | |||
| 1915 | Vein | 2 | four | 0 | 2 out of 6 | four | |
| Vein | four | 2 | eight | 8 from 14 | 2 | ||
| 1916 | Budapest | one | 3 | 2 | 2 out of 6 | 3 | |
| 1918 | Budapest | one | five | 2 | 2 out of 8 | five | |
| Kashau | 9 | 0 | 2 | 10 from 11 | one | ||
| Budapest | four | one | 3 | 5½ out of 8 | 1-2 | ||
| 1919 | Berlin | one | 3 | 2 | 2 out of 6 | 3-4 | |
| Triberg | one | 3 | 2 | 2 out of 6 | 3-4 | ||
| Rotterdam | 7 | 0 | 0 | 7 from 7 | one | ||
| Stockholm | 7 | five | 3 | 8½ out of 15 | 3 | ||
| Stockholm | 3 | five | four | 5 from 12 | four | ||
| 1920 | Stockholm | four | 6 | 2 | 5 from 12 | four | |
| Vein | 3 | one | one | 3½ out of 5 | one | ||
| Amsterdam | 3 | 0 | 3 | 4½ out of 6 | one | ||
| Berlin | four | 3 | 2 | 5 from 9 | four | ||
| Gothenburg | 7 | one | five | 9½ out of 13 | one | ||
| 1921 | Keel | 2 | five | five | 4½ out of 12 | four | |
| 1922 | Piestany | 7 | four | 7 | 10½ of 18 | five | |
| London | five | 3 | 7 | 8½ out of 15 | 6-7 | ||
| Greenhouse | eight | 3 | 2 | 9 from 13 | 1-2 | ||
| Vein | five | four | five | 7½ out of 14 | eight | ||
| 1923 | Hastings | five | 2 | 2 | 6 from 9 | 2-3 | |
| Margit | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 from 7 | 6 | ||
| Carlsbad | 7 | 3 | 7 | 10½ of 17 | 4-5 | ||
| Ostrava | 7 | one | five | 9½ out of 13 | 2 | ||
| Vein | 6 | 0 | five | 8½ out of 11 | 2 | ||
| Scheveningen | eight | 2 | 0 | 8 out of 10 | four | ||
| 1924 | New York | International tournament | 9 | eight | 3 | 10½ out of 20 | five |
| Buenos Aires | 15 | one | 2 | 16 of 18 | one | ||
| 1925 | Baden Baden | International tournament | 6 | 6 | eight | 10 from 20 | 11-13 |
| Marienbad | eight | four | 3 | 9½ out of 15 | five | ||
| Breslau | four | 3 | four | 6 from 11 | 7 | ||
| Moscow | International tournament | 7 | four | 9 | 11½ of 20 | 7 | |
| Bratislava | eight | 0 | 2 | 9 out of 10 | one | ||
| 1926 | Semmering | eight | 6 | 3 | 9½ out of 17 | eight | |
| Budapest | five | four | 6 | 8 from 15 | 7-8 | ||
| 1927 | Hastings | four | 3 | 2 | 5 from 9 | 4-5 | |
| Tunbridge Wells | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 from 7 | five | ||
| Bad Homburg | five | 2 | 3 | 6½ out of 10 | 2 | ||
| London | 1st Olympiad | 9 | 2 | four | 11 from 15 | ||
| London | Tournament organized by the London Chess Club | 3 | 3 | five | 5½ out of 11 | 6-7 | |
| 1928 | Berlin | four | four | five | 6½ of 13 | 6-7 | |
| Vein | 9 | one | 3 | 10½ of 13 | one | ||
| Giessen | four | 0 | 3 | 5½ out of 7 | one | ||
| Dortmund | five | one | 2 | 6 out of 8 | 2 | ||
| Bad Kissingen | 2 | 2 | 7 | 5½ out of 11 | 6 | ||
| Trencin Teplice | five | four | 2 | 6 from 11 | 5-6 | ||
| Brno | five | 0 | four | 7 out of 9 | 1-2 | ||
| Berlin | 3 | five | four | 5 from 12 | 5-7 | ||
| 1929 | Stockholm | four | one | one | 4½ out of 6 | one |
Matches
| Year | City | Enemy | + | - | = | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1910 | Rudolph Spielmann | 0 | four | one | ½ out of 5 | |
| 1914 | Savely Tartakover | 2½ of 6 | ||||
| 1915 | Kaufman | 1½ of 6 | ||||
| 1919 | Savely Tartakover | 4½ out of 10 | ||||
| Savely Tartakover | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 out of 6 | ||
| 1920 | Savely Tartakover | 1½ of 6 | ||||
| Gyula Breyer | four | 0 | one | 4½ out of 5 | ||
| Adolph Hollande | five | 3 | 2 | 6 out of 10 | ||
| Amsterdam | Euwe Max | 3 | one | 0 | 3 out of 4 | |
| Filep | 2½ of 3 | |||||
| 1921 | Rudolph Spielmann | 1½ of 6 | ||||
| 1922 | Friedrich Zemisch | 1 from 4 | ||||
| Henry Venink | 6½ out of 10 |
See also
- Marseille chess
Proceedings
- Réti, Richard. Die neuen Ideen im Schachspiel. (New ideas in chess, 1922).
- Réti, Richard. Die Meister des Schachbretts. (Chessboard Masters, 1930).
- Mandler A. Etudes of Richard Reti. M. - L., 1931.
Notes
- ↑ Elias Maria Reti - Künstler - Biografie (German) (link not available) . www.eliasmariareti.de. Date of treatment December 17, 2018. Archived December 18, 2018.
- ↑ Reti, Famous Jewish Chess Champion, Dies.
- ↑ 1 2 Tkachenko S. Passion around the idea of Reti . // ChessPro. Date of treatment May 28, 2016. Archived May 27, 2016.
Literature
- Bondarenko F. S. Development of a chess sketch. Kiev: Zdorov'ya, 1982.232 s.
- Vladimirov Ya. G. 1000 masterpieces of chess composition. M .: AST, 2005, 542 p. ISBN 5-17-031575-9 .
- Golombek, Harry The best parties of Richard Reti. M .: RUSSIAN CHESS HOUSE, 2002 ISBN 5-94693-005-2 . ( Great chess players of the world )
- Turov B.I. Pearls of chess creativity. - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2000. ISBN 5-222-01375-8
- Chess Dictionary / Ch. ed. L. Ya. Abramov ; comp. G. M. Geyler . - M .: Physical education and sport , 1964 .-- 680 p. - 120,000 copies.
- Chess: Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ch. ed. A.E. Karpov . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1990. - S. 332—333. - 624 p. - 100,000 copies. - ISBN 5-85270-005-3 .
Links
- Richard Reti games in the database
- Richard Reti's personal card on 365chess.com
- Speech by Richard Reti at Chess Olympiads
- The Réti Brothers Edward Winter