Gothic language ( Gothic 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 (gutarazda), 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 (gutrazda), 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 (gutiska razda) ) - the language is ready . It belongs to the eastern group of Germanic languages .
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| Gothic language | |
|---|---|
| Self name | |
| Country | Italy , Gaul , Spain |
| Regions | Southeast Europe |
| Total number of speakers | |
| Status | Dead language |
| Extinct | beginning of IX century |
| Classification | |
| Category | Languages of Eurasia |
Indo-European family
| |
| Writing | gothic letter |
| Language codes | |
| GOST 7.75–97 | goth 154 |
| ISO 639-1 | - |
| ISO 639-2 | got |
| ISO 639-3 | got |
| Linguasphere | |
| Ietf | |
| Glottolog | |
It is known mainly from written monuments of the 4th - 6th centuries , the most important of which is the Gothic Bible , the translation of which is attributed to the Visigothic Bishop Wulfil , the alleged creator of the Gothic alphabet . Starting from the VI century, the Gothic language began to gradually go out of use, supplanted by Romance languages in Italy and Spain, as well as Greek in the Crimea. The language finally disappeared, probably by the beginning of the 9th century .
This is the only East German language that can be recreated today according to available sources, since others - specifically the Vandal language and the Burgundian language - are known only in the names of their own and geographical points recorded in historical chronicles.
Crimean Gothic language
Recent epigraphic data indicate that in the 9th-10th centuries the Gothic language existed in the Crimea both as a written and colloquial language, and was used not only in liturgies, but also in everyday life.
According to the testimony of the minority Wilhelm de Rubruk , who was traveling from Constantinople to the Tatars in 1253 , he saw castles on the southern coast of Crimea in which “there were many who were ready, whose language was German ( teutonicum )”.
In the 16th century, the Flemish Ogier Busbek created a dictionary of about 70 words of the so-called “Crimean Gothic language”, which, according to him, was spoken by descendants of the Crimean Goths. The words were recorded by Busbek during a conversation with "native speakers" in Istanbul. One of the “native speakers” looked like a Flemish or Dutchman, and the other was a Greek who learned this language on the occasion of his frequent stay in Crimea . Busbek's “Crimean Gothic” vocabulary resembles the language of the times of Wulfila. On the other hand, the signs of West Germanic languages are clearly visible, so some researchers suggest, rather, the Low German-Dutch language.
Literature
- Blinov A. V. "A short course of the Gothic language." Publishing House of Moscow University, 2002. - 202 p.
- Dubinin S.I., Bondarenko M.V., Teterevenkov A.E. "Gothic language: Textbook". Samara: Samara University Publishing House, 2006. - 148 p.
- Gukhman M.M. Gothic language. Publisher Librocom, 2012. - 294 p.
- Vinogradov, "Korobov Gothic graffiti from the Mangup basilica."
Links
- A detailed list of links to Gothic network resources
- Gothic textbook , with commentary on texts, morphological analysis of all word forms, historical excursions and introduction to the Crimean-Gothic problems
- The Gothic Project , contains a bibliography of small monuments and several facsimile pages
- Several classic grammars and dictionaries
- Gothic Texts
- Gothic bible
- Titus - Streitberg's “Gothic Bible” and Crimean Gothic language materials by O. Busbek.
- Wulfila project
- Corpus of Gothic texts with morphological markup
- Streitberg Dictionary (recognizable and just pictures, easy to download)
- Facsimile Edition of the Silver Code
- Facsimile of the 57th page of the Vatican Codex (with fragment of Skeireins)