Bowed (stringed bowed) musical instruments - a group of musical instruments with sound extraction, usually carried out in the process of conducting the bow along the stretched strings . There are a large number of folk bowed instruments. In modern academic music playing, four stringed bow instruments are used: violin , viola , cello , double bass .
Stringed ( plucked • bowed ) Reed ( Woodwinds • Harmonics • Idiophones ) Wind Instruments ( Wood • Brass • Flute ) Idiophones ( Percussion • Reed ) Percussion ( Membranophones • Idiophones ) Pinch ( String • Idiophones ) Bowed Keyboards Electromechanical Electronic |
The bow- shaped ones were formed and improved around the end of the 17th century , only the bow in its modern form appeared by the end of the 18th century . Despite the timbre differences of the individual instruments of the group, in the mass they sound uniform. This is due to the unity of design and the general principle of sound extraction [1] .
The sound source for all instruments is strings that resonate with the instrument body and transmit vibrations through the air to the listener. Sound is produced with a bow ( arco ) or fingers ( pizzicato )
The master who creates and repairs bowed stringed musical instruments is called the violin master or the master of bowed musical instruments .
Content
The history of stringed bow instruments
- Bowed Musical Instruments of the Peoples of Europe
Gusle
(Eastern Europe)Beep
(Russia)Gadulka
(Bulgaria)Fidel
(Germany)Nickelharp
(Sweden)Hardangerfel
(Norway)
- Bowed Musical Instruments of the Peoples of Asia
Kobyz
(Kazakhstan)Rebab
(West Asia)Kemancha
(West Asia)Sarangi
(India)Maureen huur
(Mongolia)Huqin
(China)
Symphony Orchestra
A group of bow instruments is considered the basis of a symphony orchestra and is divided into five parts:
- The first violins.
- Second violins.
- Violas.
- Cello.
- Double basses.
Occasionally, a part is written out for the lowest stringed bow instrument - oktobasa .
Bowed string instruments form the most monolithic and versatile group with high musical and technical potential, a large range and even sound throughout, an extensive arsenal of playing techniques and strokes. A large number of bowed strings in the orchestra allows you to separate and group them in different ways to perform a diverse texture [2] .
The range of the entire bow group (including the octobass) covers almost the entire octave system (from to the subcontroctave to the fifth octave ), but only incomplete eight (without the octobass) are widely used: from the controctave to the fifth octave [1] .
- Academic Bowed Musical Instruments
Violin
Alto
Cello
Double bass
See also
- Passport for bow instrument
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Zryakovsky N.N. General course of instrumental studies / N. Bespalova. - M .: Music, 1984 $. - 480 p.
- ↑ Popov S. S. Instrumentation: a textbook. - St. Petersburg: Publishing House "Lan"; Publishing house “PLANET OF MUSIC”, 2019. - P. 46. - 380 p. - ISBN 9785449500755 .