Khayutina, Evgenia Solomonovna

She was born in Gomel, the youngest child in the large merchant family of Zalman (Solomon) Leibovich Feigenberg (1863-1918) and Esfiri Krymskaya (1877-1933) ^[7] .

She first married at the age of seventeen to Lazar Khayutin (? —1948) ^{[8] [9]} , with whom she moved to Odessa in 1921, where she worked in the editorial office of a local magazine. During this period, she met with Odessa writers Valentin Kataev , Yuri Olesha , Isaac Babel ^[10] . They probably helped her later in Moscow to find work in the Gudok newspaper.

The second time she was married to the former red commander, director of the publishing house “Economic Life” Alexander Fedorovich Gladun ^[11] , with whom she moved to Moscow in 1924 . I met him during his business trip to Odessa (when he served as director of the Moscow publishing house Economic Life). In 1927, Gladun was sent to diplomatic work in London as the second secretary of the USSR embassy in Great Britain.

In 1926-1927 - in London with her husband, then, due to espionage scandal, Gladun was recalled to Moscow, and Eugene was sent to Berlin , where she worked as a typist in the Soviet trade mission; returned to Moscow at the end of 1928 .

She was frivolous ^[12] , her favorite dance was the foxtrot ^[13] .

Her close relationship with the writer Isaac Babel , the Arctic explorer Otto Schmidt is known, and Yezhov himself managed to win over his future wife long before the official registration of their union.

- ^[14]

In September 1929, at the age of twenty-five, in Sochi, in a departmental sanatorium, she met Nikolai Yezhov . During this period, Yezhov served as head of the Supreme Economic Council and head of the distribution department of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) ^[10] . In 1931 she married him. It was at the Moscow apartment and cottage by that time that People's Commissar Ezhova Evgenia Solomonovna conducted literary and musical evenings attended by famous writers and cultural figures: Isaak Babel , Mikhail Sholokhov , Mikhail Koltsov , Sergey Eisenstein , Leonid Utesov , editor of the Peasant Newspaper Semyon Uritsky ^{[ 15]} and others. Frequent guests at these evenings were representatives of the Soviet nomenclature ^{[6] [16]} .

For some time she worked in the newspaper “ Gudok ”, “ Peasant newspaper ”, then until May 1938 she worked as editor of the journal “ USSR at a construction site ”. Her romance with Mikhail Sholokhov belongs to this period ^[14] . The connections and hobbies of Evgenia Solomonovna did not go unnoticed by Stalin , who twice told Yezhov about the need for divorce from his wife ^[14] . Stalin was alarmed by her connection with the Deputy Chairman of the Board of the USSR State Bank Grigory Arkus (1896-1936) ^[17] repressed in the case of the “Trotskyists” ^[14] . In recent years, marriage with Yezhov was only nominal.

A little time passed, and Yezhov began to think about the need for a divorce. September 18, 1938 he announced his decision to Eugene. She was completely at a loss and the next day she turned to Stalin for “help and protection” ... Stalin did not answer the letter.

- ^[16]

Back in May 1938, the mental health of Evgenia Yezhova deteriorated so much that she was forced to leave her post in the journal "USSR at a Construction Site." Together with Zinaida Glikina, her friend, she goes to the Crimea . Their vacation was interrupted by a call from Yezhov, who ordered them to urgently return to Moscow. Yezhov settled his wife with Zinaida Glikina in the country. October 29, 1938 with a diagnosis of asthenic-depressive state ( cyclotymia ) ^[16] Eugene was placed in a sanatorium named after Vorovskogo for patients with severe forms of psychoneurosis on the outskirts of Moscow ^[18] .

However, it was not the turmoil in relations with her husband that led Yevgeny Yezhov to a tragic end. In the autumn of 1938, one after another, many people from her entourage were arrested, including on November 15, 1938, her two closest friends, Zinaida Glikina (1901–25.01.1940) ^{[19] [20]} , an employee of the Foreign Commission of the Writers' Union (Referent for the USA) and Zinaida Koriman (1899–25.01.1940) ^[21] , who worked as a technical editor in the journal “ USSR under construction ” ^[6] . Eugenia herself, as Ezhova’s sister Evdokia later said, ^[22] received an anonymous letter accusing her of espionage . Eugene writes his second letter to Stalin, which, like the first, remained unanswered. Then she writes to her husband and in response to November 8, 1938 receives a sleeping pill, which she regularly used for some time, ^[23] and a trinket. In the early 2000s, it was suggested that this strange trinket was a conditional sign - “this is the end” ^[16] , but it has not received documentary evidence. Two days after the arrest of her friends, Evgenia Solomonovna took sleeping pills, and two days later, on November 19, 1938, she died without regaining consciousness due to poisoning with psychotropic substance luminal ^[9]

The act on the "autopsy" says: "The corpse of a woman, 34 years old, of average height, good physique, good nutrition ... Death occurred as a result of poisoning by luminal."

- ^[12]

She was buried at the Don cemetery in Moscow ^[5]. Her husband was not present at the funeral ^[23] , he was shot a year later.

The Ezhovs had no children of their own, and in 1933 they brought up a five-month-old girl Natalia from an orphanage ^[24] . After the arrest of her father, 6-year-old Natalya was placed in the children's home No. 1 in Penza in 1939 and received the name of her mother, Khayutin, under whom she lived in the future ^[9] . Natalia Khayutina lived in Penza for about 19 years. After graduating from the Penza School of Music in 1958, she was sent for distribution to the Magadan Region , where she lived until the collapse of the USSR in the village of Ola . During the years of perestroika, she unsuccessfully tried to achieve the rehabilitation of her adoptive father ^[25] . N.N. Khayutina died in January 2016.

Eugene Feigenberg had brothers Ilya Solomonovich (Elias Zalmanovich, 1893-1940, shot) ^[26] , Isaac and Moisei Zalmanovich (Solomonovich, 1890-1965) ^{[5] [9]} , the author of works on accounting, including the “Collection current regulations and orders on the work of consumer cooperation ”(Moscow: Krasnaya Zvezda, 1948) ^[27] . Nephew - psychiatrist and psychophysiologist Joseph Moiseevich Feigenberg (1922–2016), MD, professor at the Central Institute for Advanced Medical Studies ^{[7] [28]} . A cousin - Leo Feigenberg (Leo Feigenberg, 1887-1961), a lawyer, was married to the daughter of the writer Sholom Aleichem Emma Solomonovna Rabinovich (1889-1955); their sons are Danish theater director and theater expert Meir Feigenberg ( Dat. Meïr Feigenberg , 1923-2006) and Swedish psychiatrist Loma (Sholom-Hertz) Feigenberg ( Swedish. Loma Feigenberg , 1918-1988), author of scientific works in the field of psycho-oncology and thanatology, Professor of the Carolina Institute ^{[29] [30]} .

The niece of her first husband, Lazar Khayutin, was an art critic Victoria Borisovna Volpina (mother of Khayutin-Pisak Faina Vladimirovna, father Pisak Boris Yakovlevich), in 1962-1972 she was married to mathematician and human rights activist Alexander Sergeyevich Yesenin-Volpin ^[1] .

• Case of Investigator Nikitin (2012)
• Vasily Grossman , the story "Mom"

• L. M. Mlechin, KGB. Chairpersons of state security agencies. Declassified Fates. Centerpolygraph 2010 ISBN 978-5-227-02285-1 2011 ISBN 978-5-227-03135-8
• Feigenberg-Notkina Sulamif Izrailevna (Evgenia Solomonovna) (1904-21.11.1938) p. 122 in the book. Zenkovich N.A. The most secret relatives. - M .: OLMA-PRESS, 2005 .-- 512 p. - ISBN 5-94850-408-5
• Vladimir Hanelis "My only brother ..."
• Alexey Pavlyukov Unknown novel Sholokhov
• Andrei Malgin People's Commissar Yezhov and his Evgenia Solomonovna
• Simon Belenky People's Commissar Yezhov and his wife